Pipeline inspection apparatus and method
Ultrasonic pipeline inspection apparatus which utilizes two different wave modes (e.g. a horizontally polarized shear mode and a symmetric Lamb wave mode) to discriminate different defect types by comparing corresponding signals collected from defects. EMATs may detect the signals. The detected amplitudes of the collected signals from both wave modes are compared to calculate a ratio, which may be compared with a distribution of ratio values for known defects to evaluate the type of defect detected. The apparatus may be a sensor module mountable on a pipeline vehicle and having a plurality of sensors distributed around its periphery.
1. A pipeline inspection apparatus comprising:
a first ultrasound sensor for generating in a pipe wall a first ultrasonic guided wave having a first mode;
a second ultrasound sensor for generating in the pipe wall a second ultrasonic guided wave having a second mode different from the first mode;
at least one detector for receiving a first and a second response to the first and second ultrasonic guided waves; and
a processor in communication with the at least one detector and configured to compare the detected responses to determine a type of defect present in the pipeline.
2. The pipeline inspection apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one detector is arranged to detect the amplitudes of the received responses to the guided waves from both wave modes and the processor is arranged to calculate a ratio of the amplitudes.
3. The pipeline inspection apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is arranged to compare the calculated ratio to a distribution of ratio values for known defects to evaluate the type of defect detected.
4. The pipeline inspection apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second ultrasound sensors are each an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT).
5. The pipeline inspection apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein each sensor is also the at least one detector for echo signals corresponding to its respective wave mode.
6. The pipeline inspection apparatus according claim 1 , wherein the sensors are arranged to transmit their guided waves towards a common region.
7. The pipeline inspection apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second wave modes have a main component of particle motion orthogonal to each other.
8. A sensor module mountable on a pipeline vehicle, the sensor module having a plurality of sensors distributed around its periphery, the sensor module comprising:
a first ultrasound sensor for generating a first ultrasonic guided wave in a pipe wall, the first ultrasonic guided wave having a first mode;
a second ultrasound sensor for generating a second ultrasonic guided in a pipe wall, the second ultrasonic guided wave having a second mode different from the first mode;
at least one detector for receiving a first and second response to the first and second ultrasonic guided waves; and
a processor in communication with the at least one detector and configured to compare the responses to determine a type of defect present in the pipeline.
9. A sensor module according to claim 8 , wherein the plurality of sensors comprise a plurality of pairs of SH and SO EMAT sensors arranged to achieve substantially full inspection coverage of the pipeline wall with SH and SO waves as the vehicle travels within a pipeline.
10. A sensor module according to claim 8 , wherein the members of each pair of sensors are arranged to be separated from each other around the pipeline vehicle, whereby the members of each pair may lie on opposite sides of a defect in the pipeline wall.
11. A sensor module according to claim 10 , wherein a member of each pair of sensors is arranged to detect both a signal from its partner that is transmitted past a defect and its own signal that is reflected by the defect.