Functionalized long-chain olefin mixtures and uses therefor
Novel mixtures of long-chain (C10-C20) olefins are functionalized by conversion to aldehydes using an OXO process, or to sulfates, sulfonates, sulfones, sulfides, or sulfoxides by direct sulfonation. The aldehydes may then be hydrogenated to form alcohols, or aminated to form amines or amides. The olefins starting mixture may be acquired as a byproduct of the tetramerization of ethylene in the presence of certain chromium-containing tetramerization catalysts. The functionalized mixtures, and derivatives prepared therefrom such as alkoxylates prepared from the alcohols, may be useful as surfactants that may offer improved performance in many applications, while their preparation based on a byproduct mixture reduces their cost and also reduces waste-handling issues for this non-targeted stream.
1. A surfactant composition comprising an aldehyde, an alcohol, an amine, an amide, a sulfate, a sulfonate, a sulfone, a sulfide, a sulfoxide, or a combination thereof, prepared by a process comprising
tetramerizing ethylene in the presence of a chromium-containing ethylene tetramerization catalyst to form 1-hexene, 1-octene, and a byproduct mixture comprising C10-C20 olefins,
separating the 1-hexene and 1-octene from the byproduct mixture wherein after separation from the 1-hexene and 1-octene, the byproduct mixture is distilled to separate therefrom a second byproduct mixture of C10-C14 olefins consisting of a C10, a C12, and a C14 fraction of olefins, and wherein the C10 fraction is from 40 to 79% branched isomers of the following structures:
the C12 fraction is from 80 to 99% branched isomers of the following structures:
and the C14 fraction is from 85 to 98% branched isomers of the following structures:
and
treating the second byproduct mixture by a process selected from the group consisting of (i) OXO, such that at least a portion of the olefins is converted to an aldehyde; (ii) OXO/hydrogenation, such that at least a portion of the olefins is converted to an alcohol; (iii) OXO/amination, such that at least a portion of the olefins is converted to an alkyl amine; and (iv) sulfonation, such that at least a portion of the olefins is converted to an alpha olefin sulfonate.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the OXO process is carried out at a pressure of from about 15 psig to about 1500 psig and at a temperature from about 40° C. to about 300° C.
3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the hydrogenation is carried out at a pressure of from about 15 psig to about 3,000 psig and at a temperature from about 50° C. to about 400° C.
4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the alcohol is subsequently alkoxylated.
5. The composition of claim 1 wherein the amination is carried out at a pressure of from about 20 psig to about 2,000 psig and at a temperature from about −50° C. to about 300° C.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the sulfonation process is carried out at a pressure of from about 15 psig to about 200 psig and at a temperature from about −50° C. to about 100° C.
7. The composition of claim 1 , which exhibits greater than about 60 percent biodegradation within 28 days according to OECD 301 testing criteria, and which further attains about 60 percent biodegradation within 10 days after reaching 10 percent biodegradation.
8. A surfactant composition comprising an aldehyde, an alcohol, an amine, an amide, a sulfate, a sulfonate, a sulfone, a sulfide, a sulfoxide, or a combination thereof, prepared by a process comprising
treating a C10-C14 olefin mixture with a process selected from the group consisting of (i) OXO, such that at least a portion of the olefins is converted to an aldehyde; (ii) OXO/hydrogenation, such that at least a portion of the olefins is converted to an alcohol; (iii) OXO/amination, such that at least a portion of the olefins is converted to an alkyl amine; and (iv) sulfonation, such that at least a portion of the olefins is converted to an alpha olefin sulfonate
wherein the C10-C14 olefin mixture consists of about 40 to about 61 weight percent of C12 fraction and about 39 to about 60 weight percent of both C10 and C14 fractions, and wherein the C10 fraction is from 40 to 79% branched isomers of the following structures:
the C12fraction is from 80to 99% branched isomers of the following structures:
and the C14 fraction is from 85 to 98% branched isomers of the following structures:
9. A surfactant composition according to claim 8 wherein the C10 fraction is:
about 20 to about 45 weight percent terminal linear decene;
about 1 to about 15 weight percent internal linear decenes; and
balance branched decenes.
10. A surfactant composition according to claim 8 wherein the C10 fraction is:
about 20 to about 45 weight percent of terminal and internal linear decenes; and
balance branched decenes.
11. A surfactant composition according to claim 8 wherein the C14 fraction is:
about 2 to about 15 weight percent terminal and internal tetradecenes; and
balance branched tetradecenes.