Transdermal hormone delivery system: compositions and methods
A transdermal hormone delivery system (THDS) is disclosed. The THDS is useful for control of fertility and as therapy for a variety of diseases and conditions treatable by robust delivery of progestin and estrogen hormones, particularly the progestin, levonorgestrel. The THDS comprises a backing layer, an adjoining adhesive polymer matrix comprising an effective amount of at least a progestin hormone, delivery of which is enhanced by one or more skin permeation enhancing agents present in pre-determined amounts. The THDS is capable of providing effective daily doses of progestin and estrogen hormones from a small surface area in contact with the skin, e.g., less than 20 square centimeters. Methods of fertility control and various types of hormone replacement therapy utilizing the THDS are also disclosed.
1. A transdermal hormone delivery system comprising a backing layer and an adhesive polymer matrix affixed to the backing layer, wherein the adhesive polymer matrix comprises: (a) an adhesive polymer comprising a polyacrylate copolymer; (b) a humectant comprising polyvinylpyrrolidone; (c) a combination of skin permeation enhancing agents consisting essentially of, on a final percentage by weight of the adhesive polymer matrix after fabrication of the system, from about 4% to about 12% dimethyl sulfoxide; from about 4.2% to about 12.6% a fatty (C 8 -C 20 ) alcohol ester of lactic acid; from about 0.7% to about 2.3% lower (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl ester of lactic acid; and from about 3% to about 9% capric acid; and (d) levonorgestrel.
2. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the polyacrylate copolymer comprises a 2-ethylhexyl acrylate monomer.
3. The transdermal delivery system of claim 2 , wherein the polyacrylate copolymer further comprises about 3 to 60% w/w vinyl acetate.
4. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the humectant comprises a polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer.
5. The transdermal delivery system of claim 4 , wherein the humectant is a polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer.
6. The transdermal delivery system of claim 5 , wherein the polyvinylpyrrolidone is formulated in an amount of about 60% w/w and the vinyl acetate is formulated in an amount of about 40% w/w in the polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer.
7. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the fatty alcohol ester of lactic acid is lauryl lactate.
8. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the lower alkyl ester of lactic acid is ethyl lactate.
9. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , which, when applied to the skin of a human, once each week, consecutively over a period of three or more weeks, deliver in vivo an average serum concentration of over 1000 pg/ml of levonorgestrel.
10. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive polymer matrix comprises about 12% to about 36% by weight of the combination of skin permeation enhancing agents.
11. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive polymer matrix comprises about 18% to about 30% by weight of the combination of skin permeation enhancing agents.
12. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive polymer matrix comprises about 21% to about 27% by weight of the combination of skin permeation enhancing agents.
13. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive polymer matrix is formulated by combining the adhesive polymer, the humectant, the levonorgestrel, and about 10% to about 30% by weight of the combination of skin permeation enhancing agents.
14. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive polymer matrix is formulated by combining the adhesive polymer, the humectant, the levonorgestrel, and about 13% to about 27% by weight of the combination of skin permeation enhancing agents.
15. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the capric acid is present in an amount between about 4% and about 8% by weight of the adhesive polymer matrix.
16. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the capric acid is present in an amount between about 5% and about 7% by weight of the adhesive polymer matrix.
17. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the dimethyl sulfoxide is present in an amount between about 5% and about 11% by weight of the adhesive polymer matrix.
18. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the dimethyl sulfoxide is present in an amount between about 6% and about 10% by weight of the adhesive polymer matrix.
19. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the fatty (C 8 -C 20 ) alcohol ester of lactic acid is present in an amount between about 5.2% and about 11.6% by weight of the adhesive polymer matrix.
20. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the fatty (C 8 -C 20 ) alcohol ester of lactic acid is present in an amount between about 6.2% and about 10.6% by weight of the adhesive polymer matrix.
21. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the lower (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl ester of lactic acid is present in an amount between about 1.0% and about 2.0% by weight of the adhesive polymer matrix.
22. The transdermal delivery system of claim 1 , wherein the lower (C 1 -C 4 ) alkyl ester of lactic acid is present in an amount between about 1.2% and about 1.8% by weight of the adhesive polymer matrix.