Porous fiber electrode coating and related methods
The embodiments herein relate to an electrode having a porous coating including a fiber mesh, a multi-layer coating, and an outer coating, and a method of making the same. The various electrode coating embodiments include pores in the coating that prevent access by protein or cells while allowing for ion and/or liquid access.
1. A medical electrical lead comprising:
a flexible, elongated polymeric lead body defining at least one longitudinal lumen therethrough;
a conducting wire extending through the at least one lumen;
a connector coupled to the lead body for mechanically and electrically coupling the lead to an implantable pulse generator device;
an electrode disposed on an exterior portion of the lead body, wherein the electrode is electrically coupled to the conducting wire; and
a porous coating disposed on the electrode, the porous coating comprising:
a polymeric nanofiber mesh comprising polyetheretherketone;
a first coating disposed on the fiber mesh, comprising TiO 2 and polyacrylic acid; and
a second coating disposed on the first coating, comprising a fluoroalkylsilane.
2. The lead of claim 1 , wherein the first coating is a multi-layer coating comprising layers of TiO 2 and polyacrylic acid.
3. The lead of claim 2 , wherein the first coating comprises alternating layers of TiO 2 and polyacrylic acid.
4. The lead of claim 2 , wherein the first coating comprises at least five alternating layers of TiO 2 and polyacrylic acid.
5. The lead of claim 1 , wherein the porous coating comprises pores, wherein each of the pores has a diameter ranging from about 1 μm to about 5 μm.
6. The lead of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric nanofiber mesh is an electro-spun polymeric nanofiber mesh.
7. The lead of claim 1 , wherein the polymeric nanofiber mesh is a finely woven polymeric nanofiber mesh.
8. The lead of claim 1 , wherein the second coating includes a fluoroalkylsilane selected from the group consisting of a compound having the formula CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 (CH 2 ) 2 Si(OCH 3 ) 3 , heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyltriethoxysilane, heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyltrimethoxysilane, heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetra-hydrodecyltrichlorosilane, tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyltrichlorosilane, tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyltrimethoxysilane, tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyltriethoxysilane, and trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane.
9. A method of making an electrode for a medical electrical lead of the type having a lead body and at least one electrical conducting wire therein, the method comprising:
forming an electrode on the lead body;
disposing a polymeric nanofiber mesh on the electrode, the nanofiber mesh comprising polyetheretherketone;
applying a first multi-layer coating to the polymeric nanofiber mesh, the first multi-layer coating comprising layers of TiO 2 and polyacrylic acid; and
applying a second coating to the first multi-layer coating, the second coating comprising fluoroalkylsilane.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein disposing the polymeric nanofiber mesh on the electrode comprises electro-spinning the polymeric nanofiber mesh onto the electrode.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the polymeric nanofiber mesh comprises a finely woven polymeric nanofiber mesh.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein applying the first multi-layer coating to the polymeric nanofiber mesh further comprises:
coating the electrode and the polymeric nanofiber mesh in the TiO 2 ;
coating the electrode and the polymeric nanofiber mesh in the polyacrylic acid; and
repeating the two coating steps in alternating sequence at least five times.