Systems and methods for attaching a prosthesis within a body lumen or hollow organ
Systems and methods introduce and deploy prosthesis into a blood vessel or hollow body organ by intra-vascular access. The prosthesis is secured in place by fasteners which are implanted by an applier that is also deployed by intra-vascular access. The applier is configured to permit controlled, selective release of the fastener in a step that is independent of the step of implantation.
1. A motor-driven tool for applying an implantation force to a helical fastener sized and configured for penetration in tissue comprising:
a tool body;
a drive motor carried in the tool body;
a driven member coupled to the drive motor, carried by the tool body and operable to apply the implantation force during operation of the drive motor;
a carrier on the driven member configured to couple the fastener to the driven member to transfer the implantation force from the driven member to the fastener the carrier comprising a distal portion wherein the distal portion remains within the tool body during implantation of the fastener; and
a motor control unit carried in the tool body, coupled to the drive motor, and conditioned to operate the drive motor in phases including:
an initial phase operating the carrier to transfer the implantation force to the fastener under conditions that result in only partial implantation of the fastener, with a distal portion of the fastener penetrating tissue such that the distal portion is implanted into the tissue, while a proximal portion of the fastener is retained within the tool body and remains coupled to the carrier,
a lull phase commencing at the end of the initial phase interrupting operation of the carrier, and
a final phase operating the carrier to release the fastener therefrom and implant the fastener in tissue,
wherein after automatically entering the lull phase, the motor control unit requires a final phase command to advance from the lull phase to the final phase.
2. A motor-driven tool according to claim 1 , wherein the final phase command is based, at least in part, upon input from an operator.
3. A motor-driven tool according to claim 1 , wherein the final phase command is based, at least in part, upon input reflecting a sensed operating condition.
4. A motor-driven tool according to claim 1 , wherein the driven member is also operable to apply a removal force to withdraw the fastener from tissue, and wherein the motor control unit includes a removal phase operating the carrier to transfer the removal force to the fastener, the motor control unit requiring, after automatically entering the lull phase, a removal phase command different from the final phase command to advance from the lull phase to the removal phase.
5. A motor-driven tool according to claim 4 , wherein the carrier is rotated in one direction to apply the implantation force and rotated in an opposite direction to transfer the removal force.
6. A motor-driven tool according to claim 1 , further including an element tethering the fastener to the tool body, the element including a frangible portion.
7. A motor-driven tool according to claim 1 , wherein the tool body comprises a tubular member that carries the driven member and the carrier.
8. A motor-driven tool according to claim 1 , wherein the driven member is rotated to apply the implantation force.
9. A motor-driven tool according to claim 1 , wherein the tool body comprises internal threads.
10. A motor-driven tool according to claim 9 , wherein the proximal portion of the fastener is retained within the internal threads of the tool body at the end of the initial phase.
11. A motor-driven tool according to claim 1 , wherein the carrier comprises a distal portion having a configuration that corresponds to a configuration of a proximal end of the fastener, such that the proximal end of the fastener engages with the distal portion of the carrier to couple the fastener to the carrier throughout the initial phase.
12. A motor-driven tool according to claim 11 , wherein the proximal end of the fastener comprises a leg portion that engages with the distal portion of the carrier throughout the initial phase.
13. A motor-driven tool according to claim 1 , wherein the motor-driven tool is configured to carry and deploy a single helical fastener at a time.
14. A motor-driven tool according to claim 1 , wherein the motor-driven tool is configured to rotatably drive the fastener into tissue.
15. A motor-driven tool according to claim 1 , wherein the motor control unit comprises a programmable microprocessor configured to automatically transition the drive motor from the initial phase to the lull phase.
16. A method for implanting a helical fastener in tissue comprising:
providing a motor-driven tool as defined in claim 1 ;
coupling a helical fastener to the carrier;
accessing a tissue region;
operating the motor control unit in the initial phase to partially implant the fastener in the tissue region;
deciding during the lull phase to commence the final phase; and
entering the final phase command to advance the motor control unit from the lull phase to the final phase, thereby completing the implantation of the fastener in the tissue region.
17. A motor-driven tool for applying an implantation force to a helical fastener sized and configured for penetration in tissue comprising:
a tool body comprising a tubular member comprising internal threads;
a drive motor carried in the tool body;
a driven member coupled to the drive motor, disposed within the tubular member of the tool body and operable to apply the implantation force during operation of the drive motor;
a carrier disposed on the driven member and within the tubular member of the tool body, the carrier configured to couple the fastener to the driven member to transfer the implantation force from the driven member to the fastener, the carrier comprising a distal portion having a configuration that corresponds to a configuration of a proximal end of the fastener wherein the distal portion remains within the tool body during implantation of the fastener; and
a motor control unit carried in the tool body, coupled to the drive motor, and conditioned to operate the drive motor in phases including:
an initial phase operating the carrier to transfer a partial implantation force to the fastener so that a distal portion of the fastener penetrates tissue and is implanted into the tissue, and a proximal portion of the fastener is retained within the internal threads of the tool body, wherein the proximal end of the fastener engages with the distal portion of the carrier to couple the fastener to the carrier throughout the initial phase,
a lull phase commencing at the end of the initial phase interrupting operation of the carrier, and
a final phase operating the carrier to release the fastener therefrom and implant the fastener in tissue,
wherein after automatically entering the lull phase, the motor control unit requires a final phase command to advance from the lull phase to the final phase.
18. A motor-driven tool according to claim 17 , wherein the proximal end of the fastener comprises a leg portion that engages with the distal portion of the carrier throughout the initial phase.