Method for increasing the efficacy of agricultural chemicals
The present invention is directed to increasing the efficacy of agricultural chemicals. This can be achieved by applying at least one agricultural chemical to a plant or plant seed under conditions effective for the agricultural chemical to perform its intended function and applying at least one hypersensitive response elicitor protein or polypeptide to the plant or plant seed under conditions effective to increase the efficacy of the agricultural chemical. Alternatively, the present invention relates to a method for increasing the efficacy of agricultural chemicals by applying an agricultural chemical to a transgenic plants or transgenic seeds transformed with nucleic acid molecule which encodes a hypersensitive response elicitor protein or polypeptide, wherein the agricultural chemical is applied under conditions effective for the agricultural chemical to perform its intended function but with increased efficacy.
1. A method of treating at least one plant or plant seed with at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide where a local population of pests has resistance to the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide, said method comprising:
selecting the at least one plant or plant seed to be treated by the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide under conditions effective for the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide to perform its intended function, wherein the selected at least one plant or plant seed is planted where the local population of pests has resistance to the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide and
applying the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide and at least one hypersensitive response elicitor protein or polypeptide to said selected at least one plant or plant seed under conditions effective to treat the at least one plant or plant seed with the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide, wherein said at least one hypersensitive response elicitor is heat stable, glycine rich, and contains substantially no cysteine.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said selected plant is treated during said applying.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said selected plant seed is treated during said applying, said method further comprising:
planting said treated, selected plant seed in natural or artificial soil and
propagating a plant from said treated, selected plant seed planted in said natural or artificial soil.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said selected plants or plant seeds are selected from the group consisting of canola, alfalfa, rice, wheat, barley, rye, cotton, sunflower, peanut, corn, potato, sweet potato, bean, pea, chicory, lettuce, endive, cabbage, brussel sprout, beet, parsnip, cauliflower, broccoli, turnip, radish, spinach, onion, garlic, eggplant, pepper, celery, carrot, squash, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumber, apple, pear, melon, citrus, strawberry, grape, raspberry, pineapple, soybean, tobacco, tomato, sorghum, avocado, sugarcane, Saintpaulia, petunia, pelargonium, poinsettia, chrysanthemum, carnation, and zinnia.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said applying the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide is conducted simultaneously or independently of said applying the at least one hypersensitive response elicitor protein or polypeptide.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one insecticide is applied, said insecticide containing an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of carbamates, organochlorines, nicotinoids, phosphoramidothioates, organophosphates, and pyrethroids.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one fungicide is applied, said fungicide containing an active ingredient selected from the group consisting of aliphatic nitrogens, benzimidazoles, dicarboximides, dithiocarbamates, imidazoles, strobins, anilides, aromatics, sulfur derivatives, and copper derivatives.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one herbicide is applied, said herbicide is selected from the group consisting of acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors (ACCase), actolactate synthase inhibitors (ALS), microtubule assembly inhibitors (MT), growth regulators (GR), photosynthesis II, binding site A inhibitors (PSII(A)), photosynthesis II, binding site B inhibitors (PSII(B)), photosynthesis II, binding site C inhibitors (PSII(C)), shoot inhibitors (SHT), enolpyruvyl-shikimate-phosphate synthase inhibitors (EPSP), glutamine synthase inhibitors (GS), phytoene desaturase synthase inhibitors (PDS), diterpene inhibitors (DITERP), protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors (PPO), shoot and root inhibitors (SHT/RT), photosystem 1 electron diverters (ED), hydroxyphenlypyruvate dioxygenase synthesis inhibitors (HPPD), and combinations thereof.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one hypersensitive response elicitor or polypeptide is derived from a species of pathogens selected from the group consisting of Erwinia, Pseudomonas , and Xanthomonas.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one hypersensitive response elicitor protein or polypeptide is derived from an Erwinia species selected from the group consisting of Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi , and Erwinia stewartii.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one hypersensitive response elicitor protein or polypeptide is derived from a Pseudomonas species selected from the group consisting of Pseudomonas syringae and Pseudomonas solanacearum.
12. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one hypersensitive response elicitor or polypeptide is derived from Xanthomonas campestris.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one insecticide is applied, said insecticide comprising nicotinoid.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one fungicide is applied, said fungicide comprising strobin.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one herbicide is applied, said herbicide comprising glyphosate.
16. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one herbicide and the at least one fungicide are applied, said herbicide comprising glyphosate and said fungicide comprising strobin.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one herbicide and the at least one insecticide are applied, said herbicide comprising glyphosate and said insecticide comprising nicotinoid.
18. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one herbicide is applied, said herbicide comprising glyphosate and Dicamba.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one herbicide and the at least one fungicide are applied, said herbicide comprising glyphosate, and Dicamba, and said fungicide comprising strobin.
20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one herbicide and the at least one insecticide are applied, said herbicide comprising glyphosate, and Dicamba, and said insecticide comprising nicotinoid.
21. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the at least one herbicide is applied, said herbicide comprising a enolpyruvyl-shikimate-phosphate synthase inhibitor (EPSP) glyphosate.
22. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the at least one insecticide is applied, said insecticide comprising a pyrethroid.
23. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the at least one fungicide is applied, said fungicide comprising a benzimidazole.
24. A method of treating at least one transgenic plant or transgenic seed with at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide where a local population of pests has resistance to the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide, said method comprising:
selecting the at least one transgenic plant or transgenic seed, transformed with at least one nucleic acid molecule which encodes at least one hypersensitive response elicitor protein or polypeptide, to be treated by the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide under conditions effective for the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide to treat at least one pest, wherein the selected at least one transgenic plant or transgenic seed is planted where the local population of pests has resistance to the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide and
applying the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide to said selected transgenic plant or transgenic seed under conditions effective to treat the at least one transgenic plant or transgenic seed with the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide and for the at least one insecticide, fungicide, or herbicide to perform its intended functions, wherein said at least one hypersensitive response elicitor is heat stable, glycine rich, and contains substantially no cysteine.