Methods and preforms for forming composite members with interlayers formed of nonwoven, continuous materials
Materials and methods are provided for producing preform materials for impact-resistant composite materials suitable for liquid molding. Interlayers formed of nonwoven, continuous fibers, such as spunbonded, spunlaced, or mesh fabric, are introduced between non-crimped layers of unidirectional reinforcing fibers to produce a preform for use in liquid-molding processes to produce a composite member. Curing of the preform provides increased impact resistance by increasing the amount of energy required to propagate localized fractures due to impact.
1. A method for continuously forming a composite material, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of reinforcing layers formed of fibers of a reinforcing material;
providing a plurality of interlayers, each interlayer being formed of a nonwoven fabric of continuous thermoplastic fibers different than the fibers of the reinforcing layers, wherein providing the plurality of interlayers comprises forming the nonwoven fabric by at least one of the group consisting of spunbonding and spunlacing;
continuously feeding the reinforcing layers and the interlayers in an alternating configuration to a nip; and
stitching, at a knitting unit downstream of the nip, the continuously fed reinforcing layers and the interlayers with a thread,
wherein providing the interlayers comprises providing the interlayers of a substantially tackless material such that the reinforcing layers and the interlayers are substantially unbonded prior to said stitching step.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said second providing step comprises forming the interlayers of a material comprising at least one of the group consisting of polyamide, polyimide, polyamide-imide, polyester, polybutadiene, polyurethane, polypropylene, polyetherimide, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylsulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyetherketone, polyethertherketone, polyarylamide, polyketone, polyphthalamide, polyphenylenether, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyester-polyarylate, polyaramid, polybenzoxazole, viscose, carbon-fiber, and glass-fiber.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein said stitching step comprises disposing a plurality of stitches, each stitch extending through each of the reinforcing layers and interlayers.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein said continuously feeding step comprises disposing the reinforcing layers and the interlayers in a configuration having a width of at least about 50 inches.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein said step of providing the interlayers comprises forming the nonwoven fabric of a mechanical mix of dissimilar fibers.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein said step of providing the interlayers comprises forming the nonwoven fabric of multi-component fibers.
7. A method according to claim 1 further comprising melt bonding the interlayers to the reinforcing layers.
8. A method according to claim 1 wherein the alternating configuration of the reinforcing layers and interlayers comprises a preform, and wherein the preform is free of a tackifier between adjacent ones of the reinforcing layers and the interlayers.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein the continuous thermoplastic fibers of the plurality of interlayers have diameters from 10 to 75 microns.
10. A method according to claim 1 wherein the thermoplastic material of the interlayers is selected to have chemical compatibility with the thermosetting matrix material so as to increase the impact resistance of the composite material.
11. A method for continuously forming a composite material, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of reinforcing layers formed of fibers of a reinforcing material;
providing a plurality of interlayers, each interlayer being formed of a nonwoven fabric of continuous thermoplastic fibers different than the fibers of the reinforcing layers, wherein providing the plurality of interlayers comprises forming the nonwoven fabric by at least one of the group consisting of spunbonding, spunlacing and fabric meshing, wherein the plurality of interlayers have different respective thicknesses;
continuously feeding the reinforcing layers and the interlayers in an alternating configuration to a nip; and
stitching, at a knitting unit downstream of the nip, the continuously fed reinforcing layers and the interlayers with a thread.
12. A method according to claim 11 wherein the respective thicknesses of the interlayers are dependent upon a relative position of the interlayers with respect to the plurality of reinforcing layers.
13. A method according to claim 12 wherein continuously feeding the reinforcing layers and the interlayers in an alternating configuration comprises disposing a first interlayer between a pair of reinforcing layers and disposing a second interlayer proximate an outer face of an outermost reinforcing layer, wherein the second interlayer is thinner than the first interlayer.
14. A method according to claim 13 wherein the thickness of the second interlayer is about half the thickness of the first interlayer.
15. A method of manufacturing a composite part comprising:
providing a multi-layered uncured composite material having a plurality of reinforcing layers formed of fibers of a reinforcing material in an alternating configuration with a plurality of interlayers, each interlayer being formed of a nonwoven fabric of continuous thermoplastic fibers different than the fibers of the reinforcing layers, wherein providing the multi-layered uncured composite material comprises forming the nonwoven fabric by at least one of the group consisting of spunbonding and spunlacing, and wherein providing the multi-layered uncured composite material comprises providing the interlayers of a substantially tackless material such that the reinforcing layers and the interlayers are substantially unbonded;
configuring the alternating reinforcing layers and the interlayers in a contoured configuration corresponding to a desired contour of the composite material; and
infusing the reinforcing layers with a thermosetting matrix material such that the thermosetting matrix material flows through the interlayers.
16. A method according to claim 15 , further comprising curing the matrix material, wherein said infusing and curing steps comprise delivering the matrix material through the interlayers and curing the matrix material such that a nonwoven fabric morphology of the interlayers remains intact.
17. A method according to claim 15 wherein the continuous thermoplastic fibers of the plurality of interlayers have diameters from 10 to 75 microns.
18. A method of manufacturing a composite part comprising:
providing a multi-layered uncured composite material having a plurality of reinforcing layers formed of fibers of a reinforcing material in an alternating configuration with a plurality of interlayers, each interlayer being formed of a nonwoven fabric of continuous thermoplastic fibers different than the fibers of the reinforcing layers, wherein providing the multi-layered uncured composite material comprises forming the nonwoven fabric by at least one of the group consisting of spunbonding, spunlacing and fabric meshing, wherein the plurality of interlayers have different respective thicknesses;
configuring the alternating reinforcing layers and the interlayers in a contoured configuration corresponding to a desired contour of the composite material; and
infusing the reinforcing layers with a thermosetting matrix material such that the thermosetting matrix material flows through the interlayers.
19. A method according to claim 18 wherein the respective thicknesses of the interlayers are dependent upon a relative position of the interlayers with respect to the plurality of reinforcing layers.
20. A method according to claim 19 wherein a first interlayer is positioned between a pair of reinforcing layers and a second interlayer is positioned proximate an outer face of an outermost reinforcing layer, wherein the second interlayer is thinner than the first interlayer.
21. A method according to claim 20 wherein the thickness of the second interlayer is about half the thickness of the first interlayer.