Environmentally-friendly animal litter
An animal litter composition including geopolymerized ash particulates having a network of repeating aluminum-silicon units is described herein. Generally, the animal litter is made from a quantity of a pozzolanic ash mixed with a sufficient quantity of water and an alkaline activator to initiate a geopolymerization reaction that forms geopolymerized ash. After the geopolymerized ash is formed, it is dried, broken into particulates, and sieved to a desired size. These geopolymerized ash particulates are used to make a non-clumping or clumping animal litter. Odor control is accomplished with the addition of a urease inhibitor, pH buffer, an odor eliminating agent, and/or fragrance.
1. An animal litter composition, comprising:
geopolymerized ash particulates having a network of repeating aluminum-silicon units, wherein the geopolymerized ash particulates have a sieve size between about a −12 sieve and about a +80 sieve.
2. The animal litter of claim 1 , wherein the geopolymerized ash particulates have a sieve size between about a −10 sieve and about a +50 sieve.
3. The animal litter of claim 1 , wherein the geopolymerized ash particulates are formed from a pozzolanic ash selected from a fly ash, a bark ash, a bottom ash, a spray dryer ash, a boiler slag, a bottom slag, and mixtures thereof.
4. The animal litter of claim 3 , wherein the pozzolanic ash comprises between about 0.1% and about 10% carbon, by weight.
5. The animal litter of claim 3 , wherein the geopolymerized ash particulates have a bulk density of less than about 65 lb/ft 3 .
6. The animal litter of claim 3 , wherein the geopolymerized ash particulates are formed with a sufficient amount of an alkaline activator and water to initiate a geopolymerization reaction.
7. The animal litter of claim 1 , wherein the geopolymerized ash particulates adhere together to form a clump after being wetted.
8. The animal litter of claim 7 , wherein the animal litter comprises a clumping agent.
9. The animal litter of claim 8 , wherein the clumping agent comprises bentonite clay or a biopolymer.
10. The animal litter of claim 9 wherein the biopolymer comprises xanthan gum, tapioca starch, corn starch, or any combination of these materials.
11. The animal litter of claim 1 , further comprising a urease inhibitor.
12. The animal litter of claim 1 , further comprising a pH buffer and/or an odor eliminating agent.
13. The animal litter of claim 1 , wherein the geopolymerized ash particulates have an average Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area greater than about 1 m 2 /g.
14. The animal litter of claim 1 , wherein the geopolymerized ash articulates have an average total surface area greater than about 10 m 2 /g.
15. The animal litter of claim 8 , wherein the clumping agent comprises a polysaccharide.
16. The animal litter of claim 8 , wherein the clumping agent comprises cellulose.
17. The animal litter of claim 8 , wherein the clumping agent comprises sodium alginate.
18. A geopolymerized ash composition used in an animal litter product, the geopolymerized ash comprising:
geopolymerized ash particulates having a network of repeating aluminum-silicon units, wherein the geopolymerized ash particulates have a sieve size between about a −12 sieve and about a +50 sieve.