Methods and systems for selective fluorination of organic molecules

1. A method for fluorinating an organic molecule, the method comprising

contacting an organic molecule comprising a structure of formula I:

wherein,

X is the target site carbon;

R 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aliphatic, aryl, substituted aliphatic, substituted aryl, heteroatom-containing aryl, substituted heteroatom-containing aliphatic, substituted heteroatom-containing aryl, and functional group;

R 2 is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl, alkoxy, or aryloxy; and

R 3 is a Corey lactone or Corey lactone derivative;

with an oxygenase comprising a polypeptide having oxygenase activity, wherein the polypeptide has at least 95% identity to a polypeptide selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 21, SEQ ID NO: 22, SEQ ID NO: 23, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO: 25, SEQ ID NO: 26, SEQ ID NO: 27, SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, SEQ ID NO: 30, SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, SEQ ID NO: 33, SEQ ID NO: 34, SEQ ID NO: 35, SEQ ID NO: 36, SEQ ID NO: 37, SEQ ID NO: 38, SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO:47, SEQ ID NO: 48, SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52; SEQ ID NO: 63, SEQ ID NO:64, SEQ ID NO:65, SEQ ID NO:66, SEQ ID NO: 67, SEQ ID NO:68, and SEQ ID NO: 69; and

contacting a fluorinating agent with the oxidized organic molecule, for a time and under condition to allow replacement of the oxygen-containing functional group with fluorine.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenase is a variant P450 BM3 oxygenase enzyme.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a hydrogen.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic molecule of formula I is a Corey lactone selected from the group consisting of:

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the Corey lactone or Corey lactone derivative is a prostaglandin precursor.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenase is selected from the group consisting of CYP102A1, CYP102A2, CYP102A3, CYP102A5, CYP102E1, CYP102A6, CYP101A1, CYP106A2, CYP153A6, CYP153A7, CYP153A8, CYP153A11, CYP153D2, CYP153D3, P450cin, P450terp, P450eryF, CYP1A2, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP2F1, CYP3A4, CYP153-AlkBurk, CYP153-EB104, CYP153-OC4, P450 BSβ (CYP152A1), P450 SPα (CYP152B1) and variants of any of the foregoing having oxygenase activity.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxygenase is a monooxygenase or a peroxygenase.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic molecule has the structure of formula (V)

in which X is the target site C atom, R 14 , is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, aliphatic, aryl, substituted aliphatic, substituted aryl, heteroatom-containing aliphatic, heteroatom-containing aryl, substituted heteroatom-containing aliphatic, substituted heteroatom-containing aryl, and functional group, R 15 is hydrogen, R 16 is a Corey lactone or Corey lactone derivative, R 17 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and aryl, and R 18 is hydrogen.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the oxygenase is a monooxygenase or a peroxygenase.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the oxygenase or variant thereof is selected from the group consisting of CYP3A4 and an oxygenase having a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:27, SEQ ID NO:28, SEQ ID NO:31, SEQ ID NO:33, SEQ ID NO:38, SEQ ID NO:41, SEQ ID NO:40, SEQ ID NO:24, SEQ ID NO:25, SEQ ID NO:36, SEQ ID NO:37, SEQ ID NO:39, SEQ ID NO:31 and SEQ ID NO:69.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fluorinating agent is a nucleophilic fluorination reagent.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the fluorinating agent is selected from the group consisting of diethylaminosulfur trifluoride, bis-(2-methoxyethyl)-aminosulfur trifluoride, and 2,2-difluoro-1,3-dimethylimidazolidine (DFI).