Device and method for the detection of an analyte
A device and a method are disclosed for the detection and/or for the quantification of an analyte. In at least one embodiment, the device includes a basic matrix and magnetized nanoparticles, which are arranged in moveable fashion in or at the basic matrix and to which catcher molecules that bind specifically to the analyte are anchored. Further, the mobility of the nanoparticle in the basic matrix can be influenced by a binding of the analyte to be detected to the catcher molecules and can be read out magnetically.
1. A device for at least one of the detection and quantification of an analyte with the aid of a plurality of catcher molecules that bind specifically to the analyte, the device comprising:
a basic matrix; and
a plurality of magnetized nanoparticles arranged in a moveable fashion and in at least one layer within in the basic matrix, the catcher molecules that bind specifically to the analyte being anchored to the magnetized nanoparticles,
wherein mobility of the magnetized nanoparticles in the basic matrix is influenceable by a binding of the analyte to be detected to the catcher molecules, a change in the mobility of the magnetized nanoparticles being magnetically readable,
wherein, the plurality of magnetized nanoparticles are spatially combined to form a spot that is provided with at least two different types of the catcher molecules, different molecular regions of the analyte being crosslinked to different types of the catcher molecules,
wherein the magnetized nanoparticles have an ellipsoidal form, and
wherein the basic matrix is a gel matrix with a crosslinking density, each of the magnetized nanoparticles being permanently enclosed within said gel matrix such that each of the magnetized nanoparticles can be wholly or partially rotated.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the magnetized nanoparticles has an approximately spherical form.
3. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the magnetized nanoparticles includes a basic body made of plastic that is permeated with a plurality of magnetic particles.
4. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the nanoparticles has a diameter of approximately 10 nm-10 μm.
5. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the nanoparticles includes an anisotropic magnetization and hysteresis properties.
6. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the analyte to be detected is at least one of a nucleic acid and a protein,
the catcher molecules are at least one of nucleic acids and monoclonal antibodies, and
the analyte binds to the catcher molecules by at least one of hybridization and an antigen-antibody reaction.
7. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein, the plurality of nanoparticles are in the basic matrix.
8. The device as claimed in claim 7 , wherein a plurality of the spots are in the basic matrix, each of the spots being provided with different types of the catcher molecules.
9. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein rotatability of the nanoparticles is reducible by binding of the analyte to the catcher molecules.
10. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the catcher molecules are anchored in at least one of the basic matrix and at an interface of the basic matrix.
11. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the analyte is labeled with a chemical group which undergoes a crosslinking with chemical groups of an identical type under specific chemical or physical conditions.
12. The device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a write-read head configured to measure a spatial orientation of at least one of the nanoparticles and the spot of the nanoparticles by detecting a magnetic field generated by the nanoparticles or the spot of nanoparticles.
13. The device as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the write-read head is configured to change the spatial orientation of the nanoparticles or the spot of nanoparticles by application of a specific magnetic field if the mobility of the nanoparticles is not influenced by the binding of the analyte to be detected to the catcher molecules of the nanoparticles or the spot of nanoparticles.
14. The device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the plastic is polystyrene.
15. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the nanoparticles has a diameter of approximately 20 nm-1 μm.
16. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the nanoparticles has a diameter of approximately 50-500 nm.
17. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the different molecular regions of the analyte respectively correspond to a region at the start and a region at the end of a molecular chain of the analyte.
18. The device as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the different molecular regions of the analyte include a region at the start and a region at the end of a molecular chain of the analyte.
19. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein, the plurality of magnetized nanoparticles are arranged at the basic matrix.
20. The device as claimed in claim 19 , wherein a plurality of the spots are at the basic matrix, the spots in each case being provided with different types of the catcher molecules.