Method to characterize blood and red blood cells via erythrocyte membrane fragility quantification
A method for quantifying the quality degradation of individual stored red blood cell (RBC) units, thereby yielding information to improve decisions regarding their respective allocation, patient suitability, and use. The method comprises: a hemolysis step; an optical analysis step; and a computation step. The method is amenable to clinical implementation as well as indicative of any given unit's relative viability and thus prospective efficacy. This would provide clinicians with actual data on RBC quality when making decisions about which and how many units to use for transfusion of a given patient. Moreover, deploying this testing throughout the supply chain will improve distribution, planning, and inventory control decisions. A vital aspect of this testing method is the accumulation of copious output and other associated data and the mathematical analyses thereof to optimize algorithms by which to characterize each subsequent test output as meaningfully as possible. While the present invention is directed toward applications in blood quality control, the core technology of “quantifying RBC fragility via stress-induced hemolysis and subsequent optical and computational analysis” could have broader application, such as in disease diagnosis.
1. A method for assessing prospective transfusion efficacy of red blood cells, comprising:
subjecting a sample containing red blood cells to a controlled physical stress, said stress being applied at one or more combination(s) of intensity and predetermined duration causing hemolysis of at least a portion of said cells;
evaluating optically said hemolysis to create one or more data point(s) corresponding to said one or more combination(s) of intensity and predetermined duration, whereby each data point reflects what fraction of cells became hemolysed upon having the stress applied for a given predetermined duration at a given intensity; and
generating an at least partially age-independent numerical value(s) representing red blood cell suitability for transfusion, said numerical value(s) being based wholly or partially on said one or more data point(s).
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising after the generating step replacing wholly or partially product age as a metric of quality with unit-specific estimates of product efficacy or loss thereof based upon said numerical value(s).
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising after the generating step triaging low-fragility product units for vulnerable patient groups based upon said numerical value(s).
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising after the generating step tailoring selection of blood product units for transfusion according to particular patient condition(s) based upon said patient condition(s) and said numerical value(s).
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said numerical value(s) is also based partially upon morphologic parameters, metabolic parameters, age, or some combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said numerical value(s) is based on a fragility profile, said fragility profile comprising at least two data points representing at least two combinations of intensity and predetermined duration of said stress.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said combination of intensity and predetermined duration share a common intensity and have varying predetermined durations, and wherein said varying predetermined durations are quantified.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein said combinations of intensity and predetermined duration share a common predetermined duration and have varying intensities, and wherein said varying intensities are quantified.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein said combinations of intensity and predetermined duration have varying intensities and varying predetermined durations, and wherein said varying intensities and varying predetermined durations are quantified.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said physical stress is shear stress.