Methods of treating fragile X syndrome
Subjects having fragile X syndrome are treated with a composition that includes gamma-aminobutyric acid agonists. The gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist (GABA) can be a GABA(B) agonist, such as baclofen, including racemic and R-baclofen.
1. A method of improving a social domain in a human having fragile X syndrome, comprising the step of orally administering to the human a composition that includes a therapeutically effective amount of at least one GABA(B) agonist, wherein the GABA(B) agonist is administered to the human in a dose of about 0.001 mg/kg/day to about 5 mg/kg/day.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GABA(B) agonist administered to the human includes baclofen.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the baclofen administered to the human is at least about 70 mole percent R-baclofen, at least about 80 mole percent R-baclofen, at least about 85 mole percent R-baclofen, at least about 90 mole percent R-baclofen, at least about 95 mole percent R-baclofen or at least about 99 mole percent R-baclofen.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the baclofen administered to the human is at least about 99 mole percent R-baclofen.
5. The method of claim 1 , further including administering a Group I mGluR antagonist to the human.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mGluR antagonist includes a mGluR5 antagonist.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the mGluR antagonist includes a mGluR1 member antagonist.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein the baclofen is administered to the human in a dose of at least one member selected from the group consisting of about 2.5 mg, about 5 mg, about 10 mg, about 15 mg, about 20 mg, about 25 mg, about 30 mg, about 40 mg, about 45 mg, about 50 mg and about 100 mg.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the baclofen is administered in a single daily dose.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the baclofen is administered to the human in multiple daily doses.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the baclofen is administered to the human in at least one member selected from the group consisting of two daily doses, three daily doses, four daily doses and five daily doses.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein administering the GABA(B) agonist to the human further causes a decrease in at least one member selected from the group consisting of an obsessive compulsive disorder, a sensory hyperarousal disorder, an anxiety disorder, a seizure disorder, irritability, aggression, startle tremor, repetitive/self-stimulatory behavior, eye diversion, hand biting, hitting of the head, and hitting of others.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the improvement in the social domain following administration of the gamma-aminobutyric acid GABA(B) agonist to the human includes an increase in at least one member selected from the group consisting of an appropriate response to spoken language, spontaneous attempts to interact, eye contact, motivation, calmness, joint attention and social interactions in therapeutic and educational settings.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein administration of the GABA(B) agonist to the human further improves a communication domain in the human.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the improvement in the social domain following administration of the GABA(B) agonist to the human further includes an improvement in mood.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GABA(B) agonist is administered to the human in a dose of about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 1 mg/kg/day.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GABA(B) agonist is administered to the human in a dose of about 1 mg/kg/day to about 5 mg/kg/day.
18. A method of improving a communication domain in a human having fragile X syndrome, comprising the step of orally administering to the human a composition that includes a therapeutically effective amount of at least one GABA(B) agonist, wherein the GABA(B) agonist is administered to the human in a dose of about 0.001 mg/kg/day to about 5 mg/kg/day.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the GABA(B) agonist administered to the human includes baclofen.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the baclofen administered to the human is at least about 70 mole percent R-baclofen, at least about 80 mole percent R-baclofen, at least about 85 mole percent R-baclofen, at least about 90 mole percent R-baclofen, at least about 95 mole percent R-baclofen or at least about 99 mole percent R-baclofen.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the GABA(B) agonist is administered to the human in a dose of about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 1 mg/kg/day.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein the GABA(B) agonist is administered to the human in a dose of about 1 mg/kg/day to about 5 mg/kg/day.
23. A method of improving at least one member selected from the group consisting of a social domain and a communication domain in a human having fragile X syndrome, comprising the step of orally administering to the human a composition that includes a therapeutically effective amount at least about 90 mole percent R-baclofen in the composition, wherein the R-baclofen is administered to the human in a dose of about 0.001 mg/kg/day to about 5 mg/kg/day.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the baclofen administered to the human is at least about 99 mole percent R-baclofen in the composition.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the R-baclofen is administered to the human in a dose of at least one member selected from the group consisting of about 2.5 mg, about 5 mg, about 10 mg, about 15 mg, about 20 mg, about 25 mg, about 30 mg, about 40 mg, about 45 mg, about 50 mg and about 100 mg.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the baclofen is administered to the human in at least one member selected from the group consisting of two daily doses, three daily doses, four daily doses and five daily doses.
27. The method of claim 23 , wherein the R-baclofen is administered to the human in a dose of about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 1 mg/kg/day.
28. The method of claim 23 , wherein the R-baclofen is administered to the human in a dose of about 1 mg/kg/day to about 5 mg/kg/day.