Method of using lipid acyltransferase
A method of producing one or more of a carbohydrate ester, a protein ester, a protein subunit ester or a hydroxyl acid ester, which method comprises admixing an acyl donor, an acyl acceptor and water to produce a high water environment comprising 5-98% water, wherein said acyl donor is a lipid substrate selected from one or more of the group consisting of a phospholipid, a lysophospholipid, a triacylglyceride, a diglyceride, a glycolipid or a lysoglycolipid and said acyl acceptor is selected from one ore more of the group consisting of a carbohydrate, a protein, a protein subunit, or a hydroxyl acid; and contacting the admixture with a lipid acyltransferase, such that said lipid acyl transferase catalyses one or both of the following reactions: alcoholysis or transesterification.
1. A method of producing a carbohydrate ester, a protein ester, a protein subunit ester or a hydroxy acid ester, wherein the method comprises contacting an acyl donor, an acyl acceptor and 5-98% water with a lipid acyltransferase enzyme capable of transferring an acyl group from a lipid to one or more of the following acyl acceptors: a sterol, a stanol, a carbohydrate, a protein or a sub-unit thereof, and glycerol, whereby the carbohydrate ester, the protein ester, the protein subunit ester or the hydroxy acid ester is produced; and wherein the lipid acyltransferase when tested using the Transferase Assay in Buffered Substrate has at least 5% acyltransferase activity (relative acyltransferase activity) wherein the Transferase Assay in Buffered Substrate comprises: (a) heating to 35° C. a substrate solution comprising phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, water and HEPES buffer, wherein the substrate solution comprises approximately 95% water and has pH 7.0; (b) adding an enzyme to the substrate solution; and (c) determining acyltransferase activity of the enzyme based upon cholesterol ester and fatty acids formed.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acyl donor is selected from a phospholipid, a lysophospholipid, a triacylglyceride, a diglyceride, a glycolipid or a lysoglycolipid.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acyl acceptor is selected from a carbohydrate, a protein, a protein subunit, or a hydroxy acid.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the lipid acyltransferase is capable of transferring an acyl group from a glycolipid and/or phospholipid to one of the following acceptor substrates: a carbohydrate, a protein, a protein subunit, or a hydroxy acid.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acyl acceptor is a carbohydrate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acyl acceptor is a hydroxy acid.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the method further comprises purifying the carbohydrate ester, protein ester, protein subunit ester or hydroxy acid ester.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme is immobilized.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enzyme additionally has glycolipase activity.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the lipid acyltransferase is from an organism from one or more of the following genera: Aeromonas, Streptomyces, Saccharomyces, Lactococcus, Mycobacterium, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Desulfitobacterium, Bacillus, Campylobacter, Vibrionaceae, Xylella, Sulfolobus, Aspergillus, Schizosaccharomyces, Listeria, Neisseria, Mesorhizobium, Ralstonia, Xanthomonas and Candida.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein the lipid acyltransferase comprises amino acid sequence motif GDSX, wherein X is one or more of the following amino acid residues L, A, V, I, F, Y, H, Q, T, N, M or S.
12. A method of producing a protein ester, a protein subunit ester or a hydroxy acid ester comprising:
admixing an acyl donor, an acyl acceptor and water to form an admixture wherein the acyl donor and acyl acceptor are in an environment comprising 5-98% water, and contacting the admixture with a lipid acyltransferase, wherein: the acyl donor is a lipid substrate selected from one or more of the group consisting of a phospholipid, a lysophospholipid, a triacylglyceride, a diglyceride, a glycolipid or a lysoglycolipid; the acyl acceptor is a protein, a protein subunit or a hydroxy acid; the lipid acyltransferase possesses acyl transferase activity and catalyses one or both of the following reactions: alcoholysis or transesterification; and the lipid acyltransferase has an amino acid sequence containing a GDSX motif, wherein X is one or more of the following amino acid residues L, A, V, I, F, Y, H, Q, T, N, M or S, and the lipid acyltransferase amino acid sequence is expressed by a nucleic acid molecule having at least 90% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO: 8.