Fullerenic structures and such structures tethered to carbon materials
The fullerenic structures include fullerenes having molecular weights less than that of C 60 with the exception of C 36 and fullerenes having molecular weights greater than C 60 . Examples include fullerenes C 50 , C 58 , C 130 , and C 176 . Fullerenic structure chemically bonded to a carbon surface is also disclosed along with a method for tethering fullerenes to a carbon material. The method includes adding functionalized fullerene to a liquid suspension containing carbon material, drying the suspension to produce a powder, and heat treating the powder.
1. A method to chemically bond fullerenes to a carbon material, the method comprising:
adding functionalized fullerenes selected from the group consisting of dichloromethano [60] fullerene, dibromomethano [60] fullerene and mixtures thereof to a liquid suspension containing carbon material;
drying the suspension to produce a powder; and
heat treating the powder to chemically bond fullerenes to the carbon material,
wherein the carbon material is selected from the group consisting of singled-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled nanotubes, fullerenic soot, fullerenic black, graphitic carbon, diamond, diamond-like carbon, amorphous carbon, and combinations thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the functionalized fullerene is dichloromethano [60] fullerene.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the functionalized fullerene is dibromomethano [60] fullerene.
4. The method of claim 1 further including sealing the powder in a tube filled with an inert gas.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the tube is heat treated in a furnace.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein the tube is heat treated at approximately 400° C. for 4.5 hours.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the functionalized fullerene contains a functional group selected to give the functionalized fullerene and a surface of the material to which it is chemically bonded a desired property.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the desired property is selected from the group consisting of acidic, basic, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, oxidizing, reducing, radical, metallic, electrical, magnetic, structural, chemical, biological, or physical properties.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the functionalized fullerenes have chemical chains selected to achieve a desired length between the carbon material and the functionalized fullerene.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the functionalized fullerenes have chemical structures selected to achieve a desired stiffness between the carbon material and the functionalized fullerene.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the chemical structures comprise alkane, alkene, alkyne, fused or cross-linked aromatic.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein the functionalized fullerenes have chemical structures selected to achieve a desired electrical conductivity.