Biomarkers for chronic vascular dysfunction

1. A method for evaluating the prognosis of a subject with a chronic disease where there is vascular dysfunction, comprising providing a biological sample from said subject, performing an ELISA to measure in said biological sample the expression level of TAO kinase I, glutaminase 2 (Gls2), v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (Raf1), or bile acid-Coenzyme A amino acid N-acyltransferase (Baat), and classifying the prognosis of the subject as favorable if the expression level of TAO kinase I, Gls2, Raf1, or Baat in the biological sample is less than a control expression level of TAO kinase I, Gls2, Raf1, or Baat, or classifying the prognosis of the subject as poor if the expression level of TAO kinase I, Gls2, Raf1, or Baat in the biological sample is not less than the control expression level of TAO kinase I, Gls2, Raf1, or Baat and wherein the control expression level is an expression level in a biological sample from a normal subject, a standard expression level in biological samples from a population of normal subjects, or a previously determined expression level in a biological sample from the subject.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the disease is chronic heart failure (CHF).

3. A method for evaluating the prognosis of a subject with a chronic disease where there is vascular dysfunction, comprising providing a biological sample from said subject, performing an ELISA to measure in said biological sample the expression level of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Rho kinase 2, or fragile X mental retardation syndrome 1 homolog (Fmr1), and classifying the prognosis as favorable if the expression level of IL-1β, Rho kinase 2, or Fmr1 in the biological sample is similar to or less than a control expression level of IL-1β, Rho kinase 2, or Fmr1, or classifying the prognosis as poor if the expression level of IL-1β, Rho kinase 2, or Fmr1 in the biological sample is greater than the control expression level of IL-1β, Rho kinase 2, or Fmr1, and wherein:

the control expression level is an expression level of IL-1β, Rho kinase 2, or Fmr1 in a biological sample from a normal subject, or a standard expression level of IL-1β, Rho kinase 2, or Fmr1 in biological samples from a population of normal subjects, and the prognosis is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to the control expression level, or classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is greater than the control expression level, or

the control expression level is a previously determined expression level of IL-1β, Rho kinase 2, or Fmr1 in a biological sample from the subject, and the prognosis is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is less than the control expression level, or classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to or greater than the control expression level.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the disease is CHF.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the control expression level is an expression level of IL-1β, Rho kinase 2, or Fmr1 in a biological sample from a normal subject, or a standard expression level of IL-1β, Rho kinase 2, or Fmr1 in biological samples from a population of normal subjects, wherein the prognosis is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to the control expression level, and wherein the prognosis is classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is greater than the control expression level.

6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the control expression level is a previously determined expression level of IL-1β, Rho kinase 2, or Fmr1 in a biological sample from the subject, wherein the prognosis is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is less than the control expression level, and wherein the prognosis is classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to or greater than the control expression level.

7. A method for assessing the response to treatment of a subject diagnosed as having a chronic disease where there is vascular dysfunction, the method comprising:

(a) providing a biological sample from said subject;

(b) performing an ELISA to measure the expression level of a gene in said biological sample, wherein the gene is TAOK1, GLS2, RAF1, or BAAT; and

(c) classifying the response as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is less than a control expression level of the gene, or classifying the response as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is not less than the control expression level of the gene, wherein the control expression level is an expression level in a biological sample from a normal subject, a standard expression level in biological samples from a population of normal subjects, or a previously determined expression level in a biological sample from the subject.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the disease is CHF.

9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the treatment is captopril therapy.

10. A method for assessing the response to treatment of a subject diagnosed as having a chronic disease where there is vascular dysfunction, the method comprising:

(a) providing a biological sample from said subject;

(b) performing an ELISA to measure the expression level of a gene in said biological sample, wherein the gene is IL-1β, ROCK2, or FMR1; and

(c) classifying the response as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to or less than a control expression level of the gene, or classifying the response as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is greater than the control expression level of the gene, wherein:

the control expression level is an expression level in a biological sample from a normal subject, or a standard expression level in biological samples from a population of normal subjects, and the response is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to the control expression level of the gene, or classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is greater than the control expression level of the gene, or

the control expression level is a previously determined expression level in a biological sample from the subject, and the response is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is less than the control expression level of the gene, or classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to or greater than the control expression level of the gene.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the disease is CHF.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the control expression level is an expression level in a biological sample from a normal subject, or a standard expression level in biological samples from a population of normal subjects, wherein the response is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to the control expression level of the gene, and wherein the response is classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is greater than the control expression level of the gene.

13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the control expression level is a previously determined expression level in a biological sample from the subject, wherein the response is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is less than the control expression level of the gene, and wherein the response is classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to or greater than the control expression level of the gene.

14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the treatment is captopril therapy.

15. A method for evaluating the prognosis of a subject with a chronic disease where there is vascular dysfunction, comprising providing a biological sample from said subject, performing an ELISA to measure in said biological sample the expression level of membrane interacting protein RGS16 (Mir16), angiotensinogen (Agt), or chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (Cxcl12), and classifying the prognosis of the subject as favorable if the expression level of Mir16, Agt, or Cxcl12 in the biological sample is greater than or similar to a control expression level of Mir16, Agt, or Cxcl12, or classifying the prognosis as poor if the expression level of Mir16, Agt, or Cxcl12 in the biological sample is less than the control expression level of Mir16, Agt, or Cxcl12, and wherein:

the control expression level is an expression level of Mir16, Agt, or Cxcl12 in a biological sample from a normal subject, or a standard expression level of Mir16, Agt, or Cxcl12 in biological samples from a population of normal subjects, and the prognosis is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to the control expression level, or classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is less than the control expression level, or

the control expression level is a previously determined expression level of Mir16, Agt, or Cxcl12 in a biological sample from the subject, and the prognosis is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is greater than the control expression level, or classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is less than or similar to the control expression level.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the disease is CHF.

17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the control expression level is an expression level of Mir16, Agt, or Cxcl12 in a biological sample from a normal subject, or a standard expression level of Mir16, Agt, or Cxcl12 in biological samples from a population of normal subjects, wherein the prognosis is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to the control expression level, and wherein the prognosis is classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is less than the control expression level.

18. The method of claim 15 , wherein the control expression level is a previously determined expression level of Mir16, Agt, or Cxcl12 in a biological sample from the subject, wherein the prognosis is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is greater than the control expression level, and wherein the prognosis is classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is less than or similar to the control expression level.

19. A method for assessing the response to treatment of a subject diagnosed as having a chronic disease where there is vascular dysfunction, the method comprising:

(a) providing a biological sample from said subject;

(b) performing an ELISA to measure the expression level of a gene in said biological sample, wherein the gene is MIR16, AGT, or CXCL12; and

(c) classifying the response as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to or greater than a control expression level of the gene, or classifying the response as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is less than the control expression level of the gene, wherein:

the control expression level is an expression level in a biological sample from a normal subject, or a standard expression level in biological samples from a population of normal subjects, and the response is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to the control expression level of the gene, or classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is less than the control expression level of the gene, or

the control expression level is a previously determined expression level in a biological sample from the subject, and the response is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is greater than the control expression level of the gene, or classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to or less than the control expression level of the gene.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the disease is CHF.

21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the control expression level is an expression level in a biological sample from a normal subject, or a standard expression level in biological samples from a population of normal subjects, wherein the response is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to the control expression level of the gene, and wherein the response is classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is less than the control expression level of the gene.

22. The method of claim 19 , wherein the control expression level is a previously determined expression level in a biological sample from the subject, wherein the response is classified as favorable if the expression level in the biological sample is greater than the control expression level of the gene, and wherein the response is classified as poor if the expression level in the biological sample is similar to or less than the control expression level of the gene.

23. The method of claim 19 , wherein the treatment is captopril therapy.