Structures for capturing CO
Briefly described, embodiments of this disclosure, among others, include carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sorption structures, methods of making CO 2 sorption structures, and methods of using CO 2 sorption structures.
1. A CO 2 sorption structure, comprising:
a high surface area structure that includes a plurality of pores in the high surface area structure, wherein each pore has an inside surface, wherein at least the inside surface of the pore includes hydroxyl groups on the surface; and
a hyperbranched polymer covalently bonded to the inside surface of the pore directly to the oxygen of the hydroxyl group on the inside surface of the pore;
wherein the CO 2 sorption structure is an inorganic/organic hybrid structure that is about 10 to 70% organic and about 30 to 90% inorganic.
2. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 1 , wherein the hyperbranched polymer is an ethylene-amine hyperbranched polymer.
3. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 1 , wherein the hyperbranched polymer includes a compound having the formula R w N—CR 2 —CR 2 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of: H and a functional group, wherein w is 0, 1, or 2.
4. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 1 , wherein the hyperbranched polymer includes a compound having the formula H w N—CH 2 —CH 2 , wherein w is 0, 1, or 2.
5. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 1 , wherein the diameter of the pore is about 1 nm to 50 nm.
6. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 1 , wherein the high surface area structure has a total surface area of about 10 to 2000 m 2 /g.
7. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 1 , wherein the CO 2 sorption structure has a CO 2 sorption capacity of about 4 to 13 mol of CO 2 /g of CO 2 , measured at about 25° C. in an impure gas mixture that comprises one or more gases selected from the group consisting of: CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 , O 2 , and a combination thereof, wherein the CO 2 sorption capacity is not measured in pure CO 2 .
8. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 7 , wherein the impure gas includes one or more gases selected from the group consisting of: Ar, He, Ne, Kr, and Xe.
9. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 1 , wherein the hyperbranched polymer is covalently bonded directly to the oxygen on the surface of the pore.
10. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 1 , wherein the high surface area structure is a silica.
11. A CO 2 sorption structure, comprising:
a high surface area structure that includes surface hydroxyl groups;
a hyperbranched polymer covalently bonded directly to at least one surface oxygen of the hydroxyl group;
wherein the CO 2 sorption structure is an inorganic/organic hybrid structure that is about 0.1 to 70% organic and about 30 to 99.9% inorganic.
12. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 11 , wherein the hyperbranched polymer is a hyperbranched polymer formed from aziridines.
13. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 12 , wherein the hyperbranched polymer includes a compound having the formula R w N—CR 2 —CR 2 , wherein R is selected from the group consisting of: H and an electron donating group, wherein w is 0, 1, or 2.
14. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 12 , wherein the hyperbranched polymer includes a compound having the formula H w N—CH 2 —CH 2 , wherein w is 0, 1, or 2.
15. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 11 , wherein the CO 2 sorption structure is an inorganic/organic hybrid structure that is about 15 to 70% organic and about 30 to 85% inorganic.
16. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 11 , wherein the CO 2 sorption structure is an inorganic/organic hybrid structure that is about 20 to 70% organic and about 30 to 80% inorganic.
17. The CO 2 sorption structure of claim 11 , wherein the CO 2 sorption structure is an inorganic/organic hybrid structure that is about 30 to 40% organic and about 60 to 70% inorganic.