Electrolytic cells and methods for the production of ammonia and hydrogen
A method using an electrolytic cell to electrolyze urea to produce at least one of H 2 and NH 3 is described. An electrolytic cell having a cathode with a first conducting component, an anode with a second conducting component, urea and an alkaline electrolyte composition in electrical communication with the anode and the cathode is used to electrolyze urea. The alkaline electrolyte composition has a hydroxide concentration of at least 0.01 M.
1. An electrolytic cell comprising:
urea,
a cathode comprising a first conducting component;
an anode comprising a second conducting component selected from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, iron, nickel, rhodium, and mixtures thereof and alloys thereof; and
an alkaline electrolyte composition in electrical communication with the anode and the cathode;
where the alkaline electrolyte composition has a hydroxide concentration of at least 0.01 M.
2. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the first conducting component is selected from the group consisting of cobalt, copper, iron, nickel, platinum, iridium, ruthenium, rhodium, and mixtures thereof and alloys thereof.
3. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the first conducting component is platinum and the second conducting component is nickel.
4. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises a support material at least partially layered with one or more metals, metal mixtures, or alloys.
5. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the urea is an aqueous solution.
6. The electrolytic cell of claim 5 , wherein the aqueous solution is selected from the group consisting of urine, a wastewater containing urine and an effluent contaminated with urea.
7. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline electrolyte composition further comprises a hydroxide salt.
8. The electrolytic cell of claim 7 , wherein the hydroxide salt is selected from the group consisting of: lithium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof.
9. The electrolytic cell of claim 7 , wherein the hydroxide salt is potassium hydroxide and has a concentration from about 2 M to about 6 M.
10. The electrolytic cell of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline electrolyte composition is a polymeric gel.