Radiant heating using heater coatings
A radiant heating system comprises a thermally sprayed resistive heating layer bonded to an underlayment building material substrate. The substrate can comprise a sub-flooring material and the heating system can comprise a radiant floor heating system. The resistive heating layer can be thermally sprayed directly onto a sub-floor or similar underlayment material, including a cementitious backing material or a sound reduction board. A finished floor surface, such as a tile, wood or laminate surface, can be provided over the substrate and thermally sprayed heater to provide a radiant floor heater. In other embodiments, a radiant heating system includes a thermally sprayed heater bonded to a flooring overlay, such as a laminate board, to a heater insert, such as a flexible polymer film or a mica-based material, or to a concrete substrate. Methods of fabricating radiant heating systems include thermally-spraying a resistive material on a sub-floor or flooring overlay.
1. A radiant heating system comprising:
a laminate flooring board;
a thermally sprayed resistive heating layer bonded to the laminate flooring board;
at least one electrical connector for providing electrical power to the resistive heating layer;
wherein the resistive heating layer is patterned to provide an electrical circuit, and at least two electrical connectors are in electrical contact with the resistive heating layer to provide a voltage across the circuit;
wherein the laminate flooring board has a length and a width, and wherein the heating system comprises a pair of buses in electrical contact with the resistive heating layer and extending along the length of the flooring board; and
wherein the resistive heating layer is patterned to provide a plurality of circuits extending along the length of the flooring board and connected in parallel by the pair of buses.
2. The radiant heating system of claim 1 , wherein the pair of electrical connectors are located at one end of the flooring board and form an electrical connection with the pair of buses.
3. A radiant heating system comprising:
a laminate flooring board;
a thermally sprayed resistive heating layer bonded to the laminate flooring board; and
at least one electrical connector for providing electrical power to the resistive heating layer;
wherein the resistive heating layer comprises a first material and a second material, wherein the first material is an electrically conducting material and the second material is an electrically insulating material; and
wherein the bulk resistivity of the resistive heating layer is higher than the resistivity of the conductive material by a factor of about 10 or more.
4. The radiant heating system of claim 3 , wherein the bulk resistivity of the resistive heating layer is higher than the resistivity of the conductive material by a factor of about 10 to about 1000.
5. A radiant heating system comprising:
a laminate flooring board;
a thermally sprayed resistive heating layer bonded to the laminate flooring board; and
at least one electrical connector for providing electrical power to the resistive heating layer;
wherein the resistive heating layer comprises a first material and a second material, wherein the first material is an electrically conducting material and the second material is an electrically insulating material; and
wherein the content of the electrically insulating material in the resistive heating layer comprises at least about 40% by volume.
6. The radiant heating system of claim 5 , wherein the content of the electrically insulating material in the resistive heating layer comprises between about 40-80% by volume.
7. A radiant heating system comprising:
a laminate flooring board;
a thermally sprayed resistive heating layer bonded to the laminate flooring board; and
at least one electrical connector for providing electrical power to the resistive heating layer;
wherein the resistive heating layer comprises a first material and a second material, wherein the first material is an electrically conducting material and the second material is an electrically insulating material;
wherein the electrically conductive material comprises a metallic material; and
wherein the electrically insulating material comprises a reaction product of the metallic material.
8. The radiant heating system of claim 7 , wherein the reaction product comprises at least one of an oxide, a nitride, a carbide and a boride.
9. The radiant heating system of claim 7 , wherein the electrically insulating material comprises a thermally sprayed insulating material and a reaction product of the electrically conducting material.
10. A method of fabricating a radiant heater, comprising:
providing a laminate flooring board;
thermally spraying a material to form a resistive heating layer; and
bonding the resistive heating layer to the laminate flooring board.
11. The method of claim 10 further comprising thermally spraying the material onto a surface of the laminate flooring board to bond the resistive heating layer to the laminate flooring board.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the laminate flooring board comprises a decorative upper surface and an underside surface, and the resistive heating layer is bonded to the underside surface.
13. The method of claim 10 further comprising providing a protective layer over the resistive heating layer.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the protective layer comprises one or more of a moisture barrier, a ground plane and a thermal barrier.
15. The method of claim 10 further comprising bonding the resistive heating layer to composite material and providing a decorative upper layer over the resistive heating layer and the composite material.