Ion deflector for two-dimensional control of ion beam cross sectional spread

1. An ion deflector for deflecting a beam of charged particles along a beam path, the ion deflector comprising a pair of non-spherical deflection electrodes adapted for being charged with different voltages, wherein the pair of deflection electrodes are configured to control a two dimensional cross sectional spread of charged particles in a deflected beam that exits the ion deflector, wherein the pair of deflection electrodes are configured to substantively make parallel an incident beam focused in two dimensions at a focal point reached before leaving the ion deflector.

2. An ion deflector for deflecting a beam of charged particles along a beam path, the ion deflector comprising a pair of non-spherical deflection electrodes adapted for being charged with different voltages, wherein the pair of deflection electrodes are configured to control a two dimensional cross sectional spread of charged particles in a deflected beam that exits the ion deflector, wherein:

a first electrode of the pair of deflection electrodes is a curved plate parallel to the beam path and having a first height perpendicular to the beam path;

a second electrode of the pair of electrodes is a curved plate parallel to the first electrode and having a second height perpendicular to the beam path; and

the second height is different from the first height.

3. An ion deflector as recited in claim 2 , wherein the pair of electrodes comprises corresponding portions of two concentric cylindrical plates.

4. An ion deflector as recited in claim 2 , wherein the first electrode is adapted to be charged to attract charged particles in the beam and the second height is substantively greater than the first height.

5. An ion deflector as recited in claim 2 , wherein control of the cross sectional spread in the direction perpendicular to the beam path is based on a difference between the second height and the first height.

6. An ion deflector as recited in claim 2 , wherein the second height is about double the first height.

7. An ion deflector as recited in claim 2 , wherein control of the cross sectional spread in a direction perpendicular to the beam path is based on a separation distance between the pair of electrodes.

8. An ion deflector as recited in claim 2 , wherein a separation distance between the pair of electrodes is about equal to the first height.

9. An apparatus comprising:

a vacuum chamber portion;

a first cylindrical plate having a first radius of curvature and a first height; and

a second cylindrical plate having a different second radius of curvature and a different second height,

wherein

the first cylindrical plate is disposed inside the vacuum chamber portion,

the second cylindrical plate is disposed inside the vacuum chamber portion and disposed parallel to the first cylindrical plate,

the first cylindrical plate and second cylindrical plate are configured to hold different voltages sufficient to deflect an ion beam along a beam path that curves parallel to the first cylindrical plate and the second cylindrical plate, and

a ratio of the first height to the second height is configured to cause the ion beam to be focused in two dimensions after the ion beam is deflected.

10. An apparatus as recited in claim 9 , wherein the ratio of the first height to the second height is configured to cause a first position where the ion beam is focused in a first dimension to be substantively coincident with a second position where the ion beam is focused in a dimension perpendicular to the first dimension.

11. A method of operating an apparatus comprising a vacuum chamber portion, and a first cylindrical plate having a first radius of curvature and a first height, and a second cylindrical plate having a different second radius of curvature and a different second height, wherein the first cylindrical plate is disposed inside the vacuum chamber portion and the second cylindrical plate is disposed inside the vacuum chamber portion and disposed parallel to the first cylindrical plate, the method comprising applying different voltages to the first cylindrical plate and the second cylindrical plate sufficient to deflect an ion beam along a beam path that curves parallel to the first cylindrical plate and the second cylindrical plate and to focus the ion beam in two dimensions after the ion beam is deflected.

12. A method as recited in claim 11 , further comprising determining the different voltages to cause a first position where the ion beam is focused in a first dimension to be substantively coincident with a second position where the ion beam is focused in a dimension perpendicular to the first dimension.

13. A method as recited in claim 11 , wherein the different voltages are not symmetric about zero voltage.

14. A method as recited in claim 11 , further comprising determining the different voltages to cause a cross section shape of the ion beam after the ion beam is deflected to be substantively equal to a cross section shape of the ion beam before the beam is deflected.