Non-human animal model for frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U)
Non-human animal models for frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U) are disclosed. The invention relates to a transgenic mouse whose genome comprises a transgene operably linked to a neuronal specific promoter effective for an increased expression of the transgene in the brain of the mouse, in which the transgene comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43). The transgenic mouse exhibits reduced or impaired learning and memory capacity, and may further exhibits progressively impaired or reduced motor functions. Methods of using such animal models are also disclosed.
1. A transgenic mouse whose genome comprises a transgene operablv linked to a Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinasellα (CaMKIIα) promoter effective for an increased expression of the transgene in the brain of the mouse, the transgene comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), wherein the mouse exhibits an increased expression of TDP-43 in the brain thereof.
2. The transgenic mouse of claim 1 , wherein the mouse exhibits reduced or impaired learning and memory capacity.
3. The transgenic mouse of claim 2 , wherein the mouse further exhibits progressively impaired or reduced motor functions.
4. The transgenic mouse of claim 1 , whose hippocampus and cortex, but not cerebellum and spinal cord, exhibit an increased amount of TDP-43 protein.
5. The transgenic mouse of claim 4 , which is either a homozygous or hemizygous transgenic mouse, wherein the homozygous mouse and hemizygous transgenic mouse exhibit similar levels of TDP-43 protein.
6. The transgenic mouse of claim 1 , whose hippocampus and cortex, but not cerebellum and spinal cord, exhibit at least a 2-fold increase in the level of TDP-43 protein.
7. The transgenic mouse of claim 1 , whose hippocampus and cortex exhibit an altered level of a protein and/or a neurotransmitter member selected from the group consisting, of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK), phosphorylated cAMP-response element-binding Protein (pCREB), glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and capsase-3.
8. The transgenic mouse of claim 1 , wherein the brain of the mouse exhibits poly-ubiquitinated TDP-43.
9. The transgenic mouse of claim 8 , wherein the amount of poly-ubiquitinated TDP-43 in the brain of the mouse increases with age.
10. The transgenic mouse of claim 1 , wherein the brain neurons of the mouse exhibits cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusion bodies.
11. The transgenic mouse of claim 10 , wherein the cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusion bodies are ubiquitin positive.
12. The transgenic mouse of claim 1 , wherein the mouse exhibits brain atrophy, neuronal loss and learning memory loss.
13. A method for evaluating potential therapeutic effects of a compound for treating, preventing and/or inhibiting frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin-positive inclusions (FTLD-U) in a mammal, comprising the steps of:
(a) administering the compound to a transgenic mouse according to claim 1 ; and
(b) determining the potential therapeutic effects of the compound on the transgenic mouse by indentifying improvement in learning and memory behavior and/or motor function of the tansgeinc mouse.
14. A method for identifying a candidate agent for treating, preventing and/or inhibiting FTLD-U, comprising the steps of:
a) measuring the level of TDP-43 expression in the transgenic mouse of claim 1 ;
b) administering the agent to the transgenic mouse; and
c) measuring the level of TDP-43 expression in the transgenic mouse;
wherein a decrease in the level of TDP-43 expression after treatment with the agent identifies the agent as a candidate agent for treating, preventing and/or inhibiting FTLD-U.
15. A neuronal cell isolated or derived from a transgenic mouse according to Claim 1 , the neuronal cell expressing an increased level of TDP-43-mRNA as compared to a neuronal cell isolated or derived from a non-transgenic mouse.
16. The neuronal cell of claim 15 , wherein the neuronal cell exhibits TDP-43 protein inclusion bodies in the cytosol thereof.
17. A neuronal cell comprising a transgene operably linked to a Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinaseIIα (CaMKIIα)promoter effective for an increased expression of the transgene in the neuronal cell, the transgene comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), wherein the neuronal cell exhibits TDP-43 protein inclusion bodies in the cytosol thereof.
18. The neuronal cell of claim 17 , wherein the neuronal cell exhibits TDP-43 protein inclusion bodies in the cytosol thereof.