Anti-angiogenic extracts from pomegranate
An extract of Chinese blackberry ( Rubus suavissimus ) has been found to inhibit angiogenesis, and two active fractions isolated. Gallic acid was shown to be one of the active anti-angiogenic compounds by an in vitro human angiogenesis model. Aqueous extracts from other plants either known or found to have gallic acid were also found to have anti-angiogenic activity. Various derivatives of gallic acid were found to inhibit angiogenesis. The extract from Chinese blackberry also slowed the growth of a pancreatic tumor and of corneal neovascularization in rats. Extracts from pomegranate were shown to inhibit angiogenesis in fat tissue. Extracts from Rubus spp, and other plants with gallic acid, and gallic acid and its derivatives will be useful for treating various diseases associated with neovascularization, including diabetic retinopathy, psoriasis, tumors, obesity, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.
1. An anti-angiogenic composition, wherein said composition:
is more soluble in ethanol than in water;
contains compounds having a molecular weight less that 2000 Daltons;
comprises gallic acid or a derivative of gallic acid;
inhibits angiogenesis;
is identical to a composition that elutes from an aqueous extract of pomegranate fruit with about 51% to about 95% ethanol from a polystyrene resin column with a pore size of 46 Å; and is identical to a composition selected from the group consisting of a composition with a chemical fingerprint on high performance liquid chromatography as shown in FIG. 22 , a composition with a chemical fingerprint on high performance liquid chromatography as shown in FIG. 23A and a composition with a chemical fingerprint on high performance liquid chromatography as shown in FIG. 23D .
2. The anti-angiogenic composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition has a chemical fingerprint on high performance liquid chromatography as shown in FIG. 23A .
3. The An anti-angiogenic composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition has a chemical fingerprint on high performance liquid chromatography as shown in FIG. 23D .
4. The composition as recited claim 1 , additionally comprising one or more different compounds selected from the group consisting of a derivative of gallic acid, an active plant extract that is not extracted from pomegranate, angiostatin, endostatin, platelet factor-4, TNP-470, thalidomide, interleukin-12, antibodies to fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor, suramin and its analogs, tecogalan, and somatostatin and its analogs.
5. A method of ameliorating or inhibiting angiogenesis in a mammal, said method comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a composition as recited in claim 1 .
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the angiogenesis is associated with a disease.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the angiogenic-associated disease is selected from the group consisting of diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, obesity, systemic lupus erythematosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, retinopathy of prematurity, corneal neovascularization, malignant tumor growth beyond 2 mm, benign tumors, hemangioma, arterial/venous malformations, sickle cell anemia, sarcoidosis, Paget's disease, vein occlusion in the eye, mycobacterial infection, systemic lupus erythematosis, uveitis, infections of the retina, myopia, primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the disease is a non-malignant disease.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the disease is obesity.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the disease is corneal neovascularization.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the disease is psoriasis.
12. The method of claim 5 , wherein the amelioration or inhibition of angiogenesis inhibits the growth of a malignant tumor greater than 2 mm in diameter.
13. The method of claim 5 , wherein said administration is by injection.
14. The method of claim 5 , wherein said administration is orally.
15. The method of claim 5 , wherein said mammal is a human.
16. The method of claim 5 , wherein the amelioration or inhibition of angiogenesis substantially decreases adipose fat tissue mass.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the administration is by subcutaneous injection into the fat tissue.
18. The method of claim 5 , additionally comprising administering one or more different compounds selected from the group consisting of gallic acid and its derivatives, an active plant extract that is not extracted from pomegranate, angiostatin, endostatin, platelet factor-4, TNP-470, thalidomide, interleukin-12, antibodies to fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor, protein kinase inhibitors, suramin and its analogs, tecogalan, somatostatin and its analogs, radiolabeled somatostatin, radiolabeled somatostatin analogs, radiation octreotide, tubulin inhibitors, and interferon.
19. A method of decreasing the size of an existing capillary network in a mammal, wherein the growth and maintenance of the network depends on angiogenesis, said method comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a composition as recited in claim 1 .
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the capillary network is associated with a disease.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the capillary network-associated disease is selected from the group consisting of diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, obesity, systemic lupus erythematosis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, retinopathy of prematurity, corneal neovascularization, malignant tumor growth beyond 2 mm, benign tumors, hemangioma, arterial/venous malformations, sickle cell anemia, sarcoidosis, Paget's disease, vein occlusion in the eye, mycobacterial infection, systemic lupus erythematosis, uveitis, infections of the retina, myopia, primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein the disease is a non-malignant disease.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the disease is obesity.
24. The method of claim 19 , wherein the existing capillary network is due to corneal neovascularization.
25. The method of claim 21 , wherein the disease is psoriasis.
26. The method of claim 19 , wherein said administration is by injection.
27. The method of claim 19 , wherein said administration is orally.
28. The method of claim 19 , wherein said mammal is a human.
29. The method of claim 19 , wherein the capillary network is associated with a malignant tumor greater than 2 mm, and wherein decreasing the capillary network decreases the growth and size of said tumor.
30. The method of claim 19 , wherein the existing capillary network is associated with adipose fat tissue, and wherein decreasing the capillary network decreases the adipose fat tissue.
31. The method of claim 19 , wherein the administration is by subcutaneous injection into the fat tissue.
32. The method of claim 19 , additionally comprising administering one or more different compounds selected from the group consisting of gallic acid and its derivatives, an active plant extract that is not extracted from pomegranate, angiostatin, endostatin, platelet factor-4, TNP-470, thalidomide, interleukin-12, antibodies to fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor, protein kinase inhibitors, suramin and its analogs, tecogalan, somatostatin and its analogs, radiolabeled somatostatin, radiolabeled somatostatin analogs, radiation octreotide, tubulin inhibitors, and interferon.
33. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the one or more different compounds comprise a gallic acid derivative selected from the group consisting of tannic acid, methyl gallate, propyl gallate, butyl gallate, octyl gallate, ethyl gallate, lauryl gallate, ellagic acid, BISMUTH-gallate, galloyl glucose, di-galloyl glucose, tri-galloyl glucose, tetra-galloyl glucose, penta-galloyl glucose, and glyceryl trigallate.
34. The anti-angiogenic composition of claim 1 , wherein said composition has a chemical fingerprint on high performance liquid chromatography as shown in FIG. 22 .