Methods for assaying percentage of glycated hemoglobin
The invention provides enzymatic methods for direct determination of percentage of glycated hemoglobin in blood samples without the need of a separated measurement of total hemoglobin content in blood samples. The methods utilizes one or two different types of oxidizing agents which selectively oxidize low-molecular weight reducing substances and high-molecular weight (mainly hemoglobin) reducing substances in blood samples, coupled with enzymatic reactions catalyzed by proteases, fructosyl amino acid oxidase. The amount of hydrogen peroxide generated in the reaction is measured for determination of percentage of glycated hemoglobin in blood samples. The invention provides kits for performing the methods of the invention.
1. A method for directly assaying percentage of glycated hemoglobin A1c in a blood sample without measuring the total hemoglobin in the blood sample in a separate process, said method comprising:
a) contacting protein fragments containing glycated peptides or glycated amino acids with a fructosyl amino acid oxidase to generate hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), wherein the protein fragments are generated by contacting the blood sample with 1) a lysing buffer which releases hemoglobin from red blood cells in the blood sample; 2) an oxidizing agent which is a tetrazolium salt, and 3) a protease which digests glycated hemoglobin into glycated peptides or glycated amino acids; and wherein the fructosyl amino acid oxidase is a functional fragment or a derivative of a fructosyl amino acid oxidase comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the functional fragment or the derivative retains at least 90% of the activity of the fructosyl amino acid oxidase comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1;
b) measuring the amount of H 2 O 2 generated in step a); and
c) determining percentage of glycated hemoglobin A1c in the sample by correlating the measured value in step b) to a percentage of glycated hemoglobin A1c in a calibration curve without measuring the total hemoglobin in the blood sample separately.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of H 2 O 2 generated step a) is measured by an electrochemical biosensor to generate a measurable signal.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of H 2 O 2 generated in step a) is measured by contacting said H 2 O 2 with a color forming substance in the presence of a peroxidase to generate a measurable signal.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the color forming substance is N-Carboxymethylaminocarbonyl)-4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)-diphenylamine sodium salt (DA-64), N,N,N′N′,N″,N″-Hexa(3-sulfopropyl)-4,4′,4″,-triamino-triphenylmethane hexasodium salt (TPM-PS), or 10-(carboxymethylaminocarbonyl)-3,7-bis(dimethylamino)-phenothiazine sodium salt (DA-67).
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the disease or disorder is diabetes.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the peroxidase is horseradish peroxidase.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lysing buffer contains the oxidizing agent.
8. The method of claim 1 or 7 , wherein the lysing buffer contains the protease.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent and the protease are formulated in a single composition.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein tetrazolium salt is 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium monosodium salt or 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium monosodium salt.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the blood sample is a whole blood.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protease is an endo-type protease or an exo-type protease.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protease is selected from the group consisting of proteinase K, pronase E, ananine, thermolysin, subtilisin and cow pancreas proteases.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protease is a neutral protease of Aspergillus or Bacillus origin.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protease generates a glycated peptide from about 2 to about 30 amino acid residues.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the protease generates glycated glycine, glycated valine, glycated lysine residue, or a glycated peptide comprising glycated glycine, glycated valine or glycated lysine residue.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using the percentage of glycated hemoglobin A1c for prognosing or diagnosing a disease or disorder.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the functional fragment or the derivative retains at least 95% of the activity of the fructosyl amino acid oxidase comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the derivative comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 with one or more conservative amino acid substitutions.