Pseudo-noise insertion on unacceptable input data sequence in optical networks
The present disclosure provides systems and methods for inserting pseudo-noise in a data stream based on an unacceptable input data sequence in an optical network thereby preventing unnecessary loss of frame in SONET/SDH or Optical Transport Network (OTN) systems. The present disclosure includes a SONET/SDH or OTN framer, a transceiver, and a method for detecting an unacceptable data sequence or pattern and inserting a keep-alive or pseudo-noise sequence in the data sequence to maintaining framing on subsequent network elements, framers, transceivers, etc. For example, the present invention, upon receiving an unacceptable pattern of zeros or low ones density caused by a loss of signal condition or the like, may insert a pseudorandom noise pattern into the transmitted frame. This allows the downstream network element to continue a frame lock on the incoming signal, and thus keep the frame overhead and data communications channels from being lost.
1. An optical framer, comprising:
detection circuitry monitoring an input data and detecting an unacceptable bit sequence in the input data;
signal generator circuitry replacing the input data with replacement data upon detection of the unacceptable bit sequence; and
framing circuitry framing one of the input data and the replacement data;
wherein the replacement data comprises a pseudo-noise signal that replaces the unacceptable bit sequence.
2. The optical framer of claim 1 , wherein the unacceptable bit sequence comprises a bit sequence operable for causing a downstream element from the optical framer to lose framing.
3. The optical framer of claim 2 , wherein the unacceptable bit sequence comprises one of a sequence of all zeros, a sequence with a low density of ones, and a user-defined sequence.
4. The optical framer of claim 3 , wherein the sequence of all zeros comprises at least 128 zeros.
5. The optical framer of claim 1 , wherein, for the replacement data, the framing circuitry includes proper overhead framing bytes based on a previous last known frame thereby providing a new frame with the replacement data that is interpreted as “in frame” by downstream network elements.
6. The optical framer of claim 5 , wherein the framing circuitry is configured to frame the replacement data according to SONET/SDH.
7. The optical framer of claim 6 , wherein the framing circuitry is configured to insert A1 and A2 bytes, K-bytes, line and section Data Communication Channel bytes, B1 and B2 bytes, pointer processing bytes, and Section Trace bytes.
8. The optical framer of claim 5 , wherein the framing circuitry is configured to frame the replacement data according to Optical Channel Transport Unit k (OTUk).
9. The optical framer of claim 8 , wherein the framing circuitry is configured to insert Frame Alignment Signal bytes, Section Monitoring bytes, General Communication Channel bytes, Forward Error Correction, and Bit Interleaved Parity 8.
10. The optical framer of claim 1 , wherein the optical framer is used for signal operating with mesh restoration.
11. A network element, comprising:
an input optical port receiving an input data signal; and
an output optical port transmitting an output data signal, wherein the output data signal is derived from at least a portion of the input data signal, and wherein the output optical port comprises framing circuitry configured to frame the output data and to replace the output data with replacement data upon detection of an unacceptable data sequence in the output data;
wherein the replacement data comprises a pseudo-noise signal that replaces the unacceptable data sequence.
12. The network element of claim 11 , wherein the unacceptable bit sequence comprises a bit sequence operable for causing a downstream element from the network element to lose framing; and
wherein the unacceptable bit sequence comprises one of a sequence of all zeros, a sequence with a low density of ones, and a user-defined sequence.
13. The network element of claim 11 , wherein, for the replacement data, the framing circuitry includes proper overhead framing bytes based on a previous last known frame thereby providing a new frame with the replacement data that is interpreted as “in frame” by downstream network elements.
14. The network element of claim 13 , wherein the framing circuitry is configured to frame the replacement data according to SONET/SDH; and
wherein the framing circuitry is configured to insert A1 and A2 bytes, K-bytes, line and section Data Communication Channel bytes, B1 and B2 bytes, pointer processing bytes, and Section Trace bytes.
15. The network element of claim 13 , wherein the framing circuitry is configured to frame the replacement data according to Optical Channel Transport Unit k (OTUk); and
wherein the framing circuitry is configured to insert Frame Alignment Signal bytes, Section Monitoring bytes, General Communication Channel bytes, Forward Error Correction, and Bit Interleaved Parity 8.
16. A method, comprising:
receiving a data sequence;
monitoring the data sequence for acceptability, wherein acceptability comprises a sequence of bits that will not cause a downstream element to lose framing;
if the data sequence is acceptable, framing the data sequence and transmitting the framed data sequence; and
if the data sequence is unacceptable, replacing the data sequence with a replacement data sequence, framing the replacement data sequence and transmitting the framed replacement data sequence;
wherein the replacement data sequence comprises a pseudo-noise signal that replaces the data sequence.