Screen-printable encapsulants based on polyhydroxyamides that thermally convert to polybenzoxazoles
This invention relates to compositions, and the use of such compositions for protective coatings, particularly of electronic devices. The invention concerns fired-on-foil ceramic capacitors coated with a composite encapsulant and embedded in a printed wiring board.
1. A composition for coating an electronic component, the composition comprising:
at least one polyhydroxyamide configured to form a polybenzoxazole on heating; and
an organic solvent,
wherein:
the polyhydroxyamide is represented by formula:
each X is represented by:
the polyhydroxyamide is soluble in the organic solvent which is a screen printing solvent;
the composition is a screen-printable encapsulant composition; and
the screen printing solvent comprises propylene glycol phenyl ether, terpineol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, dibasic ether solvents, butyl carbitol acetate, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, or dibutyl carbitol.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyhydroxyamide has a water absorption of 2% or less and a Tg greater than 260° C.
3. The composition of claim 1 further comprising at least one of each of the following: an electrically-insulated filler, a defoamer, a colorant, and an additional organic solvent.
4. A polybenzoxazole encapsulant composition formed by heating the screen-printable encapsulant composition of claim 1 , wherein the polybenzoxazole encapsulant composition is formed on an embedded fired-on-foil ceramic capacitor into an encapsulated capacitor and wherein the encapsulant composition is configured to provide protection to the capacitor when the encapsulated capacitor is immersed in sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide having a concentration of up to 30%.
5. The polybenzoxazole encapsulant composition of claim 4 having a water absorption of 2% or less.
6. The polybenzoxazole encapsulant composition of claim 4 having a water absorption of 1% or less.
7. The polybenzoxazole encapsulant composition of claim 4 , wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature of less than or equal to 450° C.
8. The polybenzoxazole encapsulant composition of claim 4 , wherein the encapsulant composition adheres to the capacitor, and wherein the adhesion of the encapsulant to a capacitor is greater than 2 lb force/inch.
9. The composition of claim 4 , wherein said heating is conducted at a temperature from about 350° C. to about 450° C.
10. The composition of claim 1 applied as an encapsulant to an electronic component.
11. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising one or more inorganic electrically-insulating fillers, defoamers, or colorants, and applied as an encapsulant to an electronic component.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the screen printing solvent has a Hansen solubility parameter from about 2 to about 3 and a normal boiling point from about 190° C. to about 250° C.
13. A method of encapsulating a fired-on-foil ceramic capacitor with a polybenzoxazole encapsulant, the method comprising
providing a composition of a polyhydroxyamide dissolved in an organic solvent;
screen printing the composition on a fired-an-foil capacitor; and
heating the composition to cure the composition and form a fired-on-foil ceramic capacitor encapsulated with a polybenzoxazole;
wherein:
the polyhydroxyamide has a water absorption of 2% or less and a Tg greater than 260° C.;
the fired-on-foil ceramic capacitor encapsulated with the polybenzoxazole does not degrade when immersed in sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide having a concentration of up to 30%; and
the organic solvent comprises propylene glycol phenyl ether, terpineol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate, dibasic ether solvents, butyl carbitol acetate, dipropylene glycol butyl ether, or dibutyl carbitol.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the composition is cured at a temperature equal to or less than about 450° C.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the composition further comprises one or more electrically-insulated fillers, defoamers or colorants.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the polyhydroxyamide comprises repeating units represented by the formula:
where each X is:
with a lesser amount of
17. The polybenzoxazole encapsulant composition of claim 13 , wherein said providing a composition of a polyhydroxyamide comprises preparing the polyhydroxyamide from the reaction of 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane with a bis-benzoyl chloride selected from the group consisting of: terephthaloyl chloride; isophthaloyl chloride; 4,4′-oxybis(benzoyl chloride); 3,4′-oxybis(benzoyl chloride); 2,2-bis(4-benzoyl chloride)hexafluoropropane; 3-(4-(chlorocarbonyl)phenyl)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-carbonyl chloride; 2,2-bis(4-benzoyl chloride)propane; biphenyl-2,2′-dicarbonyl dichloride; biphenyl-4,4′-diacid chloride; 4,4′-methane-bis(benzoyl chloride), and a mixture of any two or more thereof.