Fatty acid blends and uses therefor
Provided herein are blends oils or fatty acids comprising more than 50% medium chain fatty acids, or the fatty acid alkyl esters thereof, and having low melting points. Such blends are useful as a fuel or as a starting material for the production of, for example, a biodiesel. Also provided genetically altered or modified plants, modified such that the amount of medium chain fatty acids generated by the plant are increased. Further provided is a method of predicting the melting point of a blend of fatty acid methyl esters and the use of such a method for identifying blends suitable for use as, for example, a biodiesel.
1. A mixture of fatty acids comprising:
80% to 100% saturated fatty acids having 8-12 carbons and monounsaturated fatty acids having 12-18 carbons;
5% to 80% caprylic acid (C8:0) and capric acid (C10:0), and
6% to 20% lauric acid (C12:0);
wherein said monounsaturated fatty acids account for 5% to 95% by weight of the mixture; and
wherein said mixture comprises less than 20% polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids having more than 12 carbons; and
wherein:
(1) caprylic acid (C8:0), capric acid (C10:0), and lauric acid (C12:0) together account for 20% to 40% of the mixture;
(2) oleic acid (C18:1) and palmitoleic acid (16:1) together account for 50% to 85% of the mixture;
(3) stearic (18:0) and palmitic acid (16:0) account for less than 4% of the mixture;
(4) myristic acid (14:0) accounts for less than 2% of the mixture;
(5) linoleic acid (18:2) and linolenic acid (18:3) together account for less than 3% of the mixture; or
(6) arachidic acid (C20:0), behenic acid (C22:0) and lignoceric acid (C24:0) account for less than 1% of the mixture.
2. The mixture of claim 1 , wherein said mixture comprises:
55% to 65% oleic acid (C18:1);
5% to 15% lauric acid (C12:0);
15% to 25% capric acid (C10:0); and
5% to 15% caprylic acid (C8:0).
3. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said mixture is suitable for use as feedstock for the production of a fuel in an internal combustion engine, a fuel additive, a functional fluid, a freezing point depressant, a biodiesel, an aviation fuel, a home heating oil, or a substitute for kerosene.
4. A blend of two or more oils or fatty acids comprising the mixture of claim 1 , wherein said blend is formulated to provide a composition selected from the group consisting of a biodiesel, fuel in an internal combustion engine, a fuel additive, a functional fluid, a freezing point depressant, an aviation fuel, a home heating oil, or a substitute for kerosene.
5. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said mixture has a melting point of less than or equal to −10° C.
6. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture has a cloud point of less than or equal to 0° C.
7. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture has a pour point of less than or equal to 0° C.
8. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture is an oil.
9. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture is a blend of at least two different oils.
10. The mixture according to claim 1 , wherein said mixture is formulated as a biodiesel or a biodiesel blend.
11. An oil derived from a vegetable oil or an animal fat comprising the mixture of claim 1 .
12. The oil according to claim 11 , wherein said oil is derived from one or more selected from the group consisting of canola, rapeseed, palm oil, palm kernel, coconut, tucum, sunflower, safflower, Cuphea , olive, macadamia, babassu, castor, peanut, cotton, flaxseed, linseed, cohune, and jatropha.