Liquefied natural gas pipeline with near zero coefficient of thermal expansion

1. A pipe assembly for containing and transporting cryogenic temperature fluids comprising:

a) at least one inner pipe;

b) a composite overwrap that at least partially surrounds the at least one inner pipe, wherein the composite overwrap is capable of enduring exposure and stress at cryogenic temperatures and has a near zero or negative coefficient of thermal expansion, wherein the composite overwrap is bonded to the inner pipe along an axial direction defined by the inner pipe to form a combined composite overwrap and inner pipe, wherein the combined composite overwrap and inner pipe is characterized by an overall coefficient of thermal expansion near zero; and

c) an outer pipe that at least partially surrounds the combined composite overwrap and inner pipe so as to define an annular space between the exterior surface of the combined composite overwrap and inner pipe and the interior surface of the outer pipe, wherein the annular space between the outer pipe and the combined composite overwrap and the inner pipe is provided with thermal insulation.

2. The pipe assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the assembly is selected from the group consisting of: multiple external pipes, pipe-in-pipe assembly, and pipe-in-pipe-in pipe assembly.

3. The pipe assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the inner pipe is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: austenitic stainless steel, grade 304 stainless steel, and grade 316 stainless steel.

4. The pipe assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the inner pipe is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: grade 304 stainless steel, grade 316 stainless, and grade 9 percent nickel alloy.

5. The pipe assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the composite overwrap is bonded to the inner pipe utilizing mechanical locking via weld beads.

6. The pipe assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the composite overwrap is bonded to the inner pipe utilizing residual stresses is accomplished by an autofrettage pressure cycle.

7. A pipe assembly for containing and transporting cryogenic temperature fluids comprising:

a) at least one inner pipe wherein the at least one inner pipe is made of material resistant to cryogenic temperatures;

b) a composite overwrap capable of enduring exposure and stress at cryogenic temperatures having a near zero or negative coefficient of thermal expansion, wherein the composite overwrap is bonded to the inner pipe in an axial displacement forming a combined composite overwrap and inner pipe; and

c) an outer pipe that at least partially surrounds the combined composite overwrap and inner pipe so as to define an annular space between the exterior surface of the combined composite overwrap and inner pipe and the interior surface of the outer pipe.

8. The pipe assembly according to claim 7 , wherein the assembly is selected from the group consisting of: multiple external pipes, pipe-in-pipe assembly, and pipe-in-pipe-in-pipe assembly.

9. The pipe assembly according to claim 7 , wherein the inner pipe is made of material capable of assisting in achieving near zero or negative coefficient of thermal expansion.

10. The pipe assembly according to claim 7 , wherein the inner pipe is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: austenitic stainless steel, grade 304 stainless steel, and grade 316 stainless steel.

11. The pipe assembly according to claim 7 , wherein the composite overwrap is bonded to the inner pipe utilizing mechanical locking via weld beads.

12. The pipe assembly according to claim 7 , wherein the composite overwrap is bonded to the inner pipe utilizing residual stresses is accomplished by an autofrettage pressure cycle.

13. A pipe assembly for containing and transporting cryogenic temperature fluids comprising:

a) at least one inner pipe wherein the at least one inner pipe is made of material resistant to cryogenic temperatures;

b) a composite overwrap capable of enduring exposure and stress at cryogenic temperatures having a near zero or negative coefficient of thermal expansion, wherein the composite overwrap is bonded to the inner pipe in an axial displacement forming a combined composite overwrap and inner pipe by utilizing at least one of: laminate plate theory and optimization software to satisfy the near zero or negative coefficient of thermal expansion, adhesive bonding, and residual stresses; and

c) an outer pipe that at least partially surrounds the combined composite overwrap and inner pipe to define an annular space between the exterior surface of the combined composite overwrap and inner pipe and the interior surface of the outer pipe.

14. The pipe assembly according to claim 13 , wherein the assembly is selected from the group consisting of: multiple external pipes, pipe-in-pipe assembly, and pipe-in-pipe-in-pipe assembly.

15. The pipe assembly according to claim 13 , wherein the inner pipe is made of material capable of assisting in achieving near zero or negative coefficient of thermal expansion.

16. The pipe assembly according to claim 13 , wherein the inner pipe is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: austenitic stainless steel, grade 304 stainless steel, and grade 316 stainless steel.

17. The pipe assembly according to claim 13 , wherein the composite overwrap is bonded to the inner pipe utilizing residual stresses is accomplished by an autofrettage pressure cycle.

18. The pipe assembly according to claim 13 , wherein the composite overwrap is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: graphite, carbon, and aramid.