Process and system for converting biogas to liquid fuels
A method of producing a hydrocarbon fuel from a hydrocarbon-containing gas is disclosed and described. A hydrocarbon-containing gas is produced ( 10 ) containing from about 25% to about 50% carbon dioxide and can be reformed ( 12 ) with a steam gas to form a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The reforming can be a composite dry-wet reforming or a tri-reforming step. The mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide can be at least partially converted ( 14 ) to a methanol product. The methanol product can be converted to the hydrocarbon fuel ( 18 ), optionally via DME synthesis ( 16 ). The method allows for effective fuel production with low catalyst fouling rates and for operation in an unmanned, self-contained unit at the source of the hydrocarbon-producing gas.
1. A method of producing a liquid fuel, comprising:
a) composite wet-dry reforming a hydrocarbon-containing gas containing from 30% to about 50% carbon dioxide with a steam gas to form a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide,
wherein the forming of the mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide does not comprise a partial oxidation reaction;
b) converting the mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide at least partially to a methanol product; and
c) converting the methanol product to the liquid fuel comprising a gasoline mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-containing gas is obtained by anaerobic digestion.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising scrubbing the hydrocarbon-containing gas sufficient to remove substantially all H 2 S.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon-containing gas has a majority of methane and 30% to less than 50% carbon dioxide.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reforming is performed at about less than 150 psi.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reforming is accomplished using a packed bed reactor comprising a supported catalyst.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the supported catalyst is a Ni—Ir catalyst.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the Ni—Ir catalyst has 2.5 wt % Ni and 0.5 wt % Ir with about 0.25 wt % variation for each of Ni and Ir.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the converting the mixture is a catalytic reaction comprising a Cu—Zn-Alumina as a catalyst in a fixed bed reactor.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid fuel comprises a dimethyl ether product.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising exposing the dimethyl ether product to a ZSM catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a hydrocarbon fuel.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is a gasoline mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons having C5 to C12 chains and aromatic hydrocarbons, including xylenes, toluenes, isopentene, and isoparaffins.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the converting the methanol product comprises a DME catalyst comprising γ-alumina particles.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the converting the methanol occurs within one mile of a formation source of the hydrocarbon-containing gas.