Transistors, semiconductor devices and methods of manufacturing the same
A transistor having a self-align top gate structure and methods of manufacturing the same are provided. The transistor includes an oxide semiconductor layer having a source region, a drain region, and a channel region between the source region and the drain region. The transistor further includes a gate insulating layer and a gate electrode, which are sequentially stacked on the channel region. Semiconductor devices including at least one transistor and methods of manufacturing the same are also provided.
1. A transistor comprising:
a source, a drain, and a channel region between the source and the drain, wherein the source, the drain and the channel region are formed from a same oxide semiconductor layer formed on a substrate;
a stack structure including a gate insulating layer and a gate electrode, which are stacked on the channel region; and
an insulating spacer formed at each side wall of the stack structure, wherein
each of the source and the drain includes at least two regions having different conductivities,
a first of the at least two regions is adjacent to the channel region and has a smaller conductivity than a second of the at least two regions, and
each of the first regions is arranged below a corresponding insulating spacer.
2. The transistor of claim 1 , wherein the source and the drain are plasma-treated.
3. The transistor of claim 1 , further comprising:
a bottom gate electrode disposed below the channel region.
4. The transistor of claim 1 , wherein the oxide semiconductor layer has a multi-layer structure including at least two layers stacked sequentially.
5. The transistor of claim 4 , wherein a first of the at least two layers is a ZnO-based oxide layer.
6. The transistor of claim 4 , wherein a second of the at least two layers includes,
at least one of IZO, ITO, AZO, GZO, a combination thereof, or an oxide having an electrical conductivity greater than that of the first of the at least two layers.
7. A semiconductor device comprising:
a first transistor including,
a first source, a first drain, and a first channel region between the first source and the first drain, wherein the first source, the first drain and the first channel region are formed from a same first oxide semiconductor layer formed on a substrate, and
a first stack structure including a first gate insulating layer and a first gate electrode, which are stacked on the first channel region; and
a second transistor including,
a second oxide semiconductor layer having a second source, a second drain, and a second channel region between the second source and the second drain, and
a second stack structure including a second gate insulating layer and a second gate electrode, which are stacked on the second channel region, wherein
at least one of the first oxide semiconductor layer and the second oxide semiconductor layer has a multi-layer structure including at least two layers stacked sequentially.
8. The semiconductor device of claim 7 , wherein the second oxide semiconductor layer has a type that is the same as or different from the first oxide semiconductor layer.
9. The semiconductor device of claim 8 , wherein when the second oxide semiconductor layer is a different type from the first oxide semiconductor layer, an insulating layer is arranged between the substrate and the second transistor, and the first and second oxide semiconductor layers are arranged on different layers.
10. The semiconductor device of claim 7 , further comprising:
a bottom gate electrode arranged below at least one of the first channel region and the second channel region.
11. The semiconductor device of claim 7 , wherein a first of the at least two layers is a ZnO-based oxide layer.
12. The semiconductor device of claim 7 , wherein a second of the at least two layers includes at least one of IZO, ITO, AZO, GZO, a combination thereof, or an oxide having greater electrical conductivity than that of the first of the at least two layers.
13. The semiconductor device of claim 7 , wherein the first source, the first drain, the second source and the second drain are plasma-treated.
14. A transistor comprising:
a source and a drain formed of an oxide semiconductor on a substrate;
a channel region formed on the substrate between the source and the drain, the channel region being formed of the oxide semiconductor; and
a stack structure including a gate insulating layer and a gate electrode stacked on the channel region; wherein
the source and drain do not overlap the gate electrode, and
a surface portion of each of the source and drain has a higher concentration of indium than other portions of the source and drain.
15. The transistor of claim 14 , wherein each of the source and drain have a plasma-treated surface region.
16. A transistor comprising:
a source and a drain formed on a substrate, each of the source and drain being formed of an oxide semiconductor and having a surface portion with a higher concentration of indium than other portions of the source and drain;
a channel region formed on the substrate between the source and the drain; and
a stack structure formed on the channel region, the stack structure including a gate insulating layer and a gate electrode stacked sequentially.
17. The transistor of claim 16 , wherein the surface portions of the source and drain are plasma-treated.
18. The transistor of claim 17 , wherein the channel region is formed of an oxide semiconductor.
19. The transistor of claim 18 , wherein each of the source and drain are plasma-treated.
20. A transistor comprising:
a source region and a drain region formed on a substrate, each of the source and drain regions being formed of an oxide semiconductor and having a plasma-treated surface region, wherein the plasma-treated surface region of the source and the drain regions has a higher conductivity than other portions of the source and drain regions;
a channel region formed on the substrate between the source region and the drain region; and
a stack structure including a gate insulating layer and a gate electrode stacked on the channel region, wherein
a surface portion of each of the source and drain regions has a higher concentration of indium than other portions of the source and drain regions.
21. The transistor of claim 20 , wherein the source and drain regions do not overlap the gate electrode.
22. A method of manufacturing a transistor comprising:
forming an oxide semiconductor layer on a region of a substrate;
forming a stack structure including a gate insulating layer and a gate electrode, which are stacked on the oxide semiconductor layer;
forming a source region and a drain region in portions of the oxide semiconductor layer, which are disposed on both sides of the stack structure, wherein the forming of the source region and the drain region includes,
first plasma-treating portions of the oxide semiconductor layer at each side of the stack structure to form conductive regions at each side of the stack structure,
forming insulating spacers at each side wall of the stack structure, and
second plasma-treating the oxide semiconductor layer at each side of the stack structure and the insulating spacers.
23. The method of claim 22 , further comprising:
forming a bottom gate electrode on the substrate; and
forming a lower insulating layer covering the bottom gate electrode; wherein
the oxide semiconductor layer is formed on the lower insulating layer formed on the bottom gate electrode.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the oxide semiconductor layer is formed as a multi-layer structure including at least two layers stacked sequentially.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein a first of the at least two layers is a ZnO-based oxide.
26. The method of claim 24 , wherein a second of the at least two layers includes at least one of IZO, ITO, AZO, GZO, a combination thereof, or an oxide having greater electrical conductivity than that of the first of the at least two layers.
27. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device including at least two transistors, the method comprising:
forming a first transistor which includes,
forming a first oxide semiconductor layer on a first region of a substrate,
forming a first stack structure including a first gate insulating layer and a first gate electrode, which are stacked on the first oxide semiconductor layer, and
forming a first source and a first drain from portions of the first oxide semiconductor layer, which are disposed on both sides of the first stack structure; and
forming a second transistor which includes,
forming a second oxide semiconductor layer on a second region of the substrate,
forming a second stack structure including a second gate insulating layer and a second gate electrode, which are stacked on the second oxide semiconductor layer, and
forming a second source and a second drain from portions of the second oxide semiconductor layer, which are disposed on both sides of the second stack structure, wherein
the at least one of the first and second oxide semiconductor layers are formed as a multi-layer structure including at least two layers.
28. A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device including at least two transistors, the method comprising:
forming a first transistor which includes,
forming a first oxide semiconductor layer on a first region of a substrate,
forming a first stack structure including a first gate insulating layer and a first gate electrode, which are stacked on the first oxide semiconductor layer, and
forming a first source region and a first drain region in portions of the first oxide semiconductor layer, which are disposed on both sides of the first stack structure; and
forming a second transistor which includes,
forming a second oxide semiconductor layer on a second region of the substrate,
forming a second stack structure including a second gate insulating layer and a second gate electrode, which are stacked on the second oxide semiconductor layer, and
forming a second source region and a second drain region in portions of the second oxide semiconductor layer, which are disposed on both sides of the second stack structure;
wherein the first and second oxide semiconductor layers are different types, and the forming of the first stack structure includes,
forming a first gate insulating material layer covering the first oxide semiconductor layer,
forming an etch-stop layer on the first gate insulating material layer,
forming the second oxide semiconductor layer on the etch-stop layer of the second region of the substrate,
forming a second gate insulating material layer covering the second oxide semiconductor layer on the etch-stop layer,
sequentially removing the second gate insulating material layer and the etch-stop layer from the first region,
forming a first gate electrode material layer on the first gate insulating material layer, and
patterning the first gate electrode material layer and the first gate insulating material layer, wherein
the first gate electrode material layer is formed on the first gate insulating material layer of the first region and the second gate insulating material layer of the second region, and
the first gate electrode material layer and the second gate insulating material layer of the second region are patterned to form the second stack structure on the second oxide semiconductor layer.
29. The method of claim 27 , wherein the first and second oxide semiconductor layers are the same type, and the first and second oxide semiconductor layers are formed on the same layer.
30. The method of claim 27 , further comprising:
forming a bottom gate electrode below at least one of the first and second oxide semiconductor layers.