Lanthanum-containing cordierite body and method of manufacture
Lanthanum containing cordierite bodies are provided that exhibit high strength, little or no microcracking, and a high thermal shock resistance. Improved maintenance of low microcracking and high strength is obtained even after exposure to high temperatures.
1. A ceramic body comprising a predominant cordierite ceramic phase and at least about 0.1 wt % lanthanum oxide contained within the microstructure of the ceramic, the article exhibiting: a four-point beam bending modulus of rupture at 25° C. (room-temperature), MOR; a room-temperature elastic modulus E as measured by a sonic resonance technique at 25° C.; and a coefficient of thermal expansion CTE 200-1000 from 200° C.-1000° C. in units of ° C. −1 ; wherein the ceramic body is characterized by a dimensionless strain tolerance, defined by a ratio MOR/E, and a thermal shock resistance, defined by TSL 200 =200° C.+(MOR/E)/CTE 200-10000 , wherein the ceramic body exhibits MOR/E>0.12×10 −2 and TSL 200 ≧900° C. after being at room temperature and then being subjected to a heat treatment including being exposed to an environment with a temperature in a range of 800° C. to 1100° C. for at least 25 hours; and wherein the ceramic body contains 0.02 wt % or more of CaO.
2. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the heat treatment comprises exposing the ceramic body to either an environment with a temperature of 950° C. for at least 80 hours, or to an environment with a temperature of 1100° C. for at least 80 hours, or to an environment with a temperature of between 800 and 900° C. for at least 20 hours and between 900 and 1000° C. for at least 5 hours and between 1000 and 1100° C. for at least 2 hours.
3. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the ceramic body exhibits MOR/E≧0.16×10 −2 or TSL 200 ≧1000° C. after the heat treatment.
4. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the ceramic body exhibits MOR/E≧0.18×10 −2 or TSL 200 ≧1100° C. after the heat treatment.
5. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the ceramic body exhibits MOR/E≧0.20×10 −2 or TSL 200 ≧1200° C. after heat treatment.
6. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the ceramic body exhibits a ratio MOR f /MOR i ≧0.60, wherein MOR f is the MOR after the heat treatment and MOR i is the MOR at room-temperature before the heat treatment.
7. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the ceramic body, after being at room temperature and then being subjected to an environment with a temperature of 1100° C. for at least 80 hours, exhibits MOR/E≧0.12×10 −2 and TSL 200 ≧900° C.
8. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the ceramic body contains 1.0 wt % or less of Fe 2 O 3 .
9. The ceramic body of claim 8 wherein the ceramic body contains 0.10 wt % or more of CaO.
10. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the ceramic body contains 0.60 wt % or less of Fe 2 O 3 and 0.10 wt % or more of CaO.
11. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the ceramic body has a total porosity (“% porosity”) as measured by mercury porosimetry, and the ceramic body has a honeycomb structure with a plurality of channels, the structure having an end with a frontal open area and a closed frontal area (CFA), and wherein MOR/CFA ≧{8700−120(% porosity)}, in psi, after being at room temperature and then being subjected to the heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment comprises exposing the ceramic body either to air at a temperature of 950° C. for at least 80 hours or to an environment with a temperature of between 800 and 900° C. for at least 20 hours and between 900 and 1000° C. for at least 5 hours and between 1000 and 1100° C. for at least 2 hours.
12. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the as-fired ceramic body at room-temperature and prior to the heat treatment exhibits Nb 3 ≦0.08.
13. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the ceramic body exhibits Nb 3 ≦0.04 after the heat treatment.
14. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the ceramic body has a total porosity of greater than or equal to 50% as measured by mercury porosimetry.
15. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the ceramic body contains between 0.3 and 5 wt % lanthanum oxide.
16. The ceramic body of claim 1 wherein the ceramic body contains between 0.5 and 2 wt % lanthanum oxide.
17. A ceramic body comprising a predominant cordierite ceramic phase and at least about 0.1 wt % lanthanum oxide contained within the microstructure of the ceramic, the article exhibiting: a coefficient of thermal expansion CTE 25-800 greater than 14.0×10 −7 ° C. −1 from 25° C.-800° C.; an elastic modulus ratio E 800 /E 25 ≦1.00; a four-point beam bending modulus of rupture at 25° C. (room-temperature), MOR; and a room-temperature elastic modulus E as measured by a sonic resonance technique at 25° C.; wherein the ratio MOR/E is a dimensionless strain tolerance, and MOR/E≧0.10%; and wherein the ceramic body contains 0.02 wt % or more of CaO.
18. The ceramic body of claim 17 wherein the ceramic body exhibits a coefficient of thermal expansion CTE 200-1000 from 200° C.-1000° C. in units of ° C. −1 , and a thermal shock resistance greater than or equal to 800° C., wherein the thermal shock resistance is 200° C.+(MOR/E)/CTE 200-1000 .
19. The ceramic body of claim 17 wherein the ceramic body contains between 0.3 and 5 wt % lanthanum oxide.
20. The ceramic body of claim 17 wherein the ceramic body has a total porosity of greater than or equal to 50% as measured by mercury porosimetry.
21. The ceramic body of claim 17 wherein the ceramic body exhibits an elastic modulus ratio E 900 /E 25 ≦0.96.
22. The ceramic body of claim 17 comprising an XRD “transverse I-ratio” of less than 0.78.
23. The ceramic body of claim 22 wherein the transverse I-ratio is not more than 0.74.
24. A ceramic body comprising a predominant cordierite ceramic phase and at least about 0.1 wt % lanthanum oxide contained within the microstructure of the ceramic, the article exhibiting: a four-point beam bending modulus of rupture at 25° C. (room-temperature), MOR; a room-temperature elastic modulus E as measured by a sonic resonance technique at 25° C.; and a coefficient of thermal expansion CTE 200-1000 from 200° C.-1000° C. in units of ° C. −1 ; wherein the ceramic body is characterized by a dimensionless strain tolerance, defined by a ratio MOR/E, and a thermal shock resistance, defined by TSL 200 =200° C.+(MOR/E)/CTE 200-1000 , wherein the ceramic body exhibits MOR/E>0.10×10 −2 and TSL 200 ≧800° C. after being at room temperature and then being subjected to a heat treatment including being exposed to an environment with a temperature in a range of 800° C. to 1100° C. for at least 25 hours, and wherein the ceramic body contains Fe 2 O 3 and CaO in a total combined amount of less than 1.40 wt %; and wherein the ceramic body contains 0.02 wt % or more of CaO.
25. The ceramic body of claim 24 wherein the ceramic body contains 1.0 wt % or less of Fe 2 O 3 .
26. The ceramic body of claim 8 wherein the ceramic body contains 0.05 wt % or more of CaO.
27. The ceramic body of claim 24 wherein the ceramic body contains 1.0 wt % or less of Fe 2 O 3 and 0.10 wt % or more of CaO.
28. The ceramic body of claim 24 wherein the ceramic body contains 0.60 wt % or less of Fe 2 O 3 and 0.10 wt % or more of CaO.
29. The ceramic body of claim 24 wherein the ceramic body after the heat treatment exhibits Nb 3 ≦0.10.
30. The ceramic body of claim 24 wherein the ceramic body after the heat treatment exhibits Nb 3 ≦0.08.
31. The ceramic body of claim 24 wherein the heat treatment comprises exposing the ceramic body to either an environment with a temperature of 950° C. for at least 80 hours, or to an environment with a temperature of 1100° C. for at least 80 hours, or to an environment with a temperature of between 800 and 900° C. for at least 20 hours and between 900 and 1000° C. for at least 5 hours and between 1000 and 1100° C. for at least 2 hours.
32. The ceramic body of claim 31 wherein the heat treatment comprises exposing the ceramic body to either an environment with a temperature of about 950° C. for about 82 hours, or to an environment with a temperature of about 1100° C. for about 82 hours.