Fatigue-resistant nickel-titanium alloys and medical devices using same
Superelastic and/or shape memory nickel-titanium alloys having an increased fatigue life that is superior to known nickel-titanium alloys are disclosed. The nickel-titanium alloys have a minimum fatigue life that may be at least about 10 million strain cycles at a strain of at least about 0.75. The minimum fatigue life may be due, at least in part, to the nickel-titanium alloy having at least one of an oxygen concentration of less than about 200 ppm, a carbon concentration of less than about 200 ppm, the absence of oxide-based and/or carbide-based inclusions having a size greater than about 5 microns (μm), the presence of an R-phase, or combinations of the foregoing. Articles manufactured from such fatigue-resistant nickel-titanium alloys can be more durable because they are more resistant to repetitive strain and crack propagation.
1. A fatigue-resistant superelastic or shape-memory alloy article, comprising:
an elongated body including an outer region and an inner core region about which the outer region extends, the elongated body formed at least partially from a superelastic or shape-memory alloy including:
about 54 atomic % nickel to about 50 atomic % nickel;
about 46 atomic % titanium to about 50 atomic % titanium; and
exhibiting a minimum fatigue life defined by survival of at least about 10 million strain cycles at a strain greater than about 0.75%, the minimum fatigue life due, at least in part, to the outer region of the elongated body including an R-phase, and the inner core including an austenite phase but not including the R-phase.
2. A fatigue-resistant superelastic or shape-memory alloy article as recited in claim 1 , the nickel being about 51 at % and the amount of titanium being about 49 at %.
3. A fatigue-resistant superelastic or shape-memory alloy article as recited in claim 1 , further comprising at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of iridium, platinum, gold, rhenium, tungsten, palladium, rhodium, tantalum, silver, ruthenium, and hafnium.
4. A fatigue-resistant superelastic or shape-memory alloy article as recited in claim 1 , the superelastic or shape-memory alloy having an oxygen concentration being less than about 100 ppm.
5. A fatigue-resistant superelastic or shape-memory alloy article as recited in claim 1 , the superelastic or shape-memory alloy having an oxygen concentration being less than about 50 ppm.
6. A fatigue-resistant superelastic or shape-memory alloy article as recited in claim 1 , the superelastic or shape-memory alloy having a carbon concentration being less than about 100 ppm.
7. A fatigue-resistant superelastic or shape-memory alloy article as recited in claim 1 , the superelastic or shape-memory alloy having a carbon concentration being less than about 50 ppm.
8. A fatigue-resistant superelastic or shape-memory alloy article as recited in claim 1 , wherein the R-phase is work hardened.
9. A fatigue-resistant superelastic or shape-memory alloy article as recited in claim 1 wherein the superelastic or shape-memory alloy includes:
oxide-based inclusions having a size of about 2 μm; and
carbide-based inclusions having a size of about 2 μm.
10. An implantable device, comprising:
at least one structural member defining an exterior surface and at least one thickness dimension, the at least one structural member sized and configured for implantation into a living subject, the at least one structural member including an outer region extending inwardly from the exterior surface and an inner core region about which the outer region extends, and
the at least one structural member formed from a superelastic or shape-memory nickel-titanium alloy exhibiting a minimum fatigue life defined by survival of at least about 10 million strain cycles at a strain greater than about 0.75%,
the minimum fatigue life due, at least in part, to the outer region of the at least one structural member including an R-phase, and the inner core including an austenite phase but not including the R-phase.
11. An implantable device as recited in claim 10 , wherein the strain is at least 0.85%.
12. An implantable device as recited in claim 10 , wherein the strain is at least 1.05%.
13. An implantable device as recited in claim 12 , the superelastic or shape-memory nickel-titanium alloy further comprising at least one additional alloying element selected from the group consisting of iridium, platinum, gold, rhenium, tungsten, palladium, rhodium, tantalum, silver, ruthenium, and hafnium.
14. An implantable device as recited in claim 10 , the at least one thickness dimension in a range from about 0.05 mm to about 0.3 mm.
15. An implantable device as recited in claim 10 , the at least one thickness dimension in a range from about 0.1 mm to about 0.25 mm.
16. An implantable device as recited in claim 10 , wherein the exterior surface is a ground surface that is substantially free of inclusions.
17. An implantable device as recited in claim 10 , wherein the exterior surface is a ground surface that is substantially free of surface defects.
18. An implantable device as recited in claim 10 , wherein exterior surface is a ground surface that is a work hardened surface.
19. An implantable device as recited in claim 10 , wherein the exterior surface is a ground surface that exhibits an increased toughness relative to at least one non-ground portion of the at least one structural member.
20. An implantable device as recited in claim 10 , the superelastic or shape-memory nickel-titanium alloy having an oxygen concentration less than about 100 ppm.
21. An implantable device as recited in claim 10 , the superelastic or shape-memory nickel-titanium alloy having a carbon concentration less than about 100 ppm.
22. An implantable device as recited in claim 10 , wherein the superelastic or shape-memory alloy includes:
oxide-based inclusions having a size of about 2 μm; and
carbide-based inclusions having a size of about 2 μm.