Electron emitting element for accelerating and emitting electrons, and use of electron emitting element
An electron emitting element ( 1 ) includes a substrate ( 2 ), an upper electrode ( 3 ), and a fine particle layer ( 4 ) sandwiched between the substrate ( 2 ) and the upper electrode ( 3 ). The fine particle layer ( 4 ) includes metal fine particles ( 6 ) with high resistance to oxidation, and insulating fine particles ( 5 ) larger in size than the metal fine particles ( 6 ). The electron emitting element ( 1 ) can steadily emit electrons not only in vacuum but also in the atmosphere. Further, the electron emitting element ( 1 ) can work without electric discharge so that harmful substances such as ozone, NOx, or the like are scarcely generated. Accordingly, degradation of the electron emitting element ( 1 ) due to oxidation does not occur. Therefore, the electron emitting element ( 1 ) has a long life and can steadily work continuously for a long period of time even in the atmosphere.
1. An electron emitting element including an electrode substrate and a thin-film electrode, the electron emitting element (i) accelerating electrons between the electrode substrate and the thin-film electrode by voltage application between the electrode substrate and the thin-film electrode and (ii) emitting the electrons from the thin-film electrode, the electron emitting element comprising:
an electron acceleration layer provided between the electrode substrate and the thin-film electrode,
the electron acceleration layer including:
electrically conductive fine particles having high resistance to oxidation, the electrically conductive fine particles being made of a conductor; and
an insulating material which is larger in size than the electrically conductive fine particles.
2. The electron emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein:
the electrically conductive fine particles are made of a noble metal.
3. The electron emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein:
the conductor that the electrically conductive fine particles are made of includes at least one of gold, silver, platinum, palladium, and nickel.
4. The electron emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein:
the electrically conductive fine particles have an average diameter in a rage of 3 nm to 10 nm.
5. The electron emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein:
the insulating material includes an organic polymer or at least one of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and TiO 2 .
6. The electron emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein:
the insulating material is made of fine particles and an average diameter of the fine particles is in a range of 10 nm to 1000 nm.
7. The electron emitting element according to claim 6 , wherein:
the fine particles of the insulating material have an average diameter in a range of 12 nm to 110 nm.
8. The electron emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein:
a ratio of the insulating material in the electron acceleration layer is in a range of 80% by weight to 95% by weight.
9. The electron emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein:
the electron acceleration layer has a thickness in a range of 12 nm to 6000 nm.
10. The electron emitting element according to claim 9 , wherein:
the electron acceleration layer has a thickness in a range of 300 nm to 6000 nm.
11. The electron emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein:
the thin-film electrode includes at least one of gold, silver, carbon, tungsten, titanium, aluminum, and palladium.
12. The electron emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein:
another insulating material is present around each of the electrically conducive fine particles, the another insulating material being smaller in size than the electrically conductive fine particles.
13. The electron emitting element according to claim 12 , wherein:
the another insulating material includes at least one of alcoholate, aliphatic acid, and alkanethiol, the another insulating material being present around the electrically conductive fine particles and smaller in size than the electrically conductive fine particles.
14. The electron emitting element according to claim 1 , wherein:
a layer of the insulating material is formed on the electrode substrate, the insulating material being larger in size than the electrically conductive fine particles, the layer including a plurality of holes penetrating the layer in a thickness direction of the layer, and
the electrically conductive fine particles are contained in the holes.
15. An electron emitting device comprising:
an electron emitting element according to claim 1 ; and
a power supply section for applying a voltage between the electrode substrate and the thin-film electrode.
16. A light emitting device comprising:
an electron emitting device according to claim 15 ; and
a luminous body.
17. An image display device comprising:
a light emitting device according to claim 16 .
18. An air blowing device comprising:
an electron emitting device according to claim 15 , the air blowing device blowing the electrons in an atmosphere.
19. A cooling device comprising:
an electron emitting device according to claim 15 , the cooling device blowing the electrons into an atmosphere so as to cool an object to be cooled.
20. A charging device comprising:
an electron emitting device according to claim 15 , the charging device charging a photoreceptor.
21. An image forming apparatus comprising a charging device according to claim 20 .
22. An electron-beam curing device comprising an electron emitting device according to claim 15 .
23. A method for producing an electron emitting element including an electrode substrate and a thin-film electrode, the electron emitting element (i) accelerating electrons between the electrode substrate and the thin-film electrode by voltage application between the electrode substrate and the thin-film electrode and (ii) emitting the electrons from the thin-film electrode, the method comprising the steps of:
forming an electron acceleration layer which includes (i) an electrically conductive fine particles having high resistance to oxidation, the electrically conductive fine particles being made of a conductor, and (ii) an insulating material which is larger in size than the electrically conductive fine particles; and
forming the thin-film electrode on the electron acceleration layer.
24. The method of producing the electron emitting element according to claim 23 , wherein:
the step of forming the electron acceleration layer includes the sub-steps of:
mixing the electrically conductive fine particles and the insulating material in a solvent so as to form a mixed material;
applying the mixed material on the electrode substrate; and
drying the mixed material applied in the step of applying the mixed material.
25. The method of producing the electron emitting element according to claim 23 , wherein:
the step of forming the electron acceleration layer includes the sub-steps of:
laminating the insulating material on the electrode substrate, the insulating material being a sheet insulating material including a plurality of holes penetrating the sheet insulating material in a laminating direction; and
filling the electrically conductive fine particles in the plurality of holes.
26. The method of producing the electron emitting element according to claim 23 , wherein:
the step of forming the electron acceleration layer includes the sub-steps of:
forming a layer of the insulating material on the electrode substrate;
forming, in the insulating material, a plurality of holes penetrating the layer in a thickness direction of the layer; and
filling the electrically conductive fine particles in the plurality of holes.