Heat treatment of aluminium alloy high pressure die castings
A method for the heat treatment of a casting produced by high pressure die casting, that may exhibit blister forming porosity in the as-cast condition, of an age-hardenable aluminum alloy, includes solution treating the casting by heating the casting to and within a temperature range enabling solute elements to be taken into solid solution. The casting then is cooled to terminate the solution treatment by quenching the casting to a temperature below 100° C. The cooled casting is held in a temperature range enabling natural and/or artificial ageing. The solution treatment is conducted to achieve a level of solute element solution enabling age-hardening without expansion of pores in the casting causing unacceptable blistering of the casting.
1. A method for the heat treatment of a high pressure die cast casting which exhibits gaseous or other porosity and is of an age-hardenable aluminium alloy having 4.5 to 20 wt % Si, 0.05 to 5.5 wt % Cu, 0.1 to 2.5 wt % Fe, 0.01 to 1.5 wt % Mg, at least one of Ni up to 1.5 wt %, Mn up to 1 wt % and Zn up to 3.5 wt %, and a balance of aluminium and incidental impurities, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(a) heating the casting, which is made by conventional high pressure die casting without application of high vacuum or use of a reactive gas, to and within a temperature range that allows solute elements to be taken into solid solution (solution treatment), wherein the heating is:
(i) to and within a range of from a temperature of 20° C. below the solidus melting temperature for the alloy of the casting to a temperature of 150° C. below the solidus melting temperature for the alloy of the casting, said temperature of 20° C. below the solidus melting temperature being a temperature not exceeding 525° C., and
(ii) for a period of time of less than 30 minutes;
(b) cooling the casting from the temperature range for step (a) by quenching the casting into a fluid quenchant at a temperature between 0° C. and 100° C.; and
(c) obtaining a hardened or strengthened casting that is at least substantially without blistering by ageing the quenched casting from step (b) in a natural or artificial ageing temperature range of from 0° C. to 250° C.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ageing in step (c) is natural ageing at ambient temperatures of from 0° C. to 45° C.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the quenching of step (b) is to a temperature suitable for the strengthening of step (c).
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ageing in step (c) is artificial ageing.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the artificial ageing is conducted by heating the quenched casting to at least one temperature in the range of from 50° C. to 250° C.
6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the artificial ageing is conducted by heating the quenched casting in the temperature range of from 130° C. to 220° C.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (a) of claim 1 is conducted in part, non-isothermally.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (a) is conducted substantially completely non-isothermally.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein part of step (a) is conducted substantially isothermally.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the casting is pre-heated to a temperature in the range of 100° C. to 350° C. before stage (a).
11. The processes of claim 1 , wherein stage (c) is conducted in the range of 0° C. up to 250° C.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein the casting after step (c) is in an underaged condition compared to a full T6 temper.
13. The process of claim 11 , wherein the casting after step (c) is in a peak aged condition compared to a full T6 temper.
14. The process of claim 11 , wherein the casting after step (c) is in an overaged condition compared to a full T6 temper.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the casting is cold worked between step (b) and step (c).
16. The process of claim 3 , wherein the cooling from the ageing temperature of step (c) is by quenching.
17. The process of claim 3 , wherein the cooling from the ageing temperature of step (c) is by slowly cooling in air or another medium.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the casting following step (c) is devoid of surface blisters.
19. The process of claim 1 , wherein the casting following step (c) is devoid of dimensional change.
20. The process of claim 2 , wherein the natural ageing is at a temperature of from 15° C. to 25° C.
21. The process of claim 11 , wherein stage (c) is conducted at from 0° C. to 45° C.
22. The process of claim 11 , wherein stage (c) is conducted at from 15° C. to 25° C.
23. The process of claim 11 , wherein stage (c) is conducted at from 50° C. to 250° C.
24. The process of claim 11 , wherein stage (c) is conducted at from 130° C. to 250° C.