Device for dividing an optical beam into four beams and non-contact optical profilometer comprising same

1. An optical probe for splitting a light beam into four light beams, the optical probe comprising a first polarizing beam splitter having a first polarization axis, a second polarizing beam splitter having a second polarization axis orthogonal to the first polarization axis, a first half wave plate, and a second half wave plate.

2. The optical probe of claim 1 , wherein the first half wave plate is before first polarizing beam splitter, and the second half wave plate is after the first polarizing beam splitter, relative to the propagation of the light beam.

3. The optical probe of claim 1 , further comprising a first birefringent phase plate and a second birefringent phase plate.

4. The optical probe of claim 1 , further comprising a lens for collimating the four light beams.

5. The optical probe of claim 1 , further comprising a window for transmitting the four light beams, the window comprising a reference surface.

6. The optical probe of claim 1 , wherein the first and second polarizing beam splitters are Wollaston prisms.

7. The optical probe of claim 1 , wherein the second birefringent phase plate is one half the thickness of the first birefringent phase plate.

8. The optical probe of claim 1 , further comprising a housing containing the polarizing beam splitters, half wave plates, and phase plates.

9. A method of splitting an incoming light beam into four light beams comprising:

aligning the polarization of the incoming light beam with respect to the polarization axis of a first polarizing beam splitter;

splitting the incoming light beam into a first intermediate light beam of a first polarization, and a second intermediate light beam of a second polarization;

delaying the first intermediate light beam relative to the second intermediate light beam;

aligning the polarizations of the first and second intermediate light beams with respect to the polarization axis of a second polarizing beam splitter; and

further splitting the first and second intermediate light beams into a first light beam of a third polarization, a second light beam of a fourth polarization, a third light beam of a fifth polarization, and a fourth light beam of a sixth polarization.

10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising delaying the first light beam relative to the second light beam and delaying the third light beam relative to the fourth light beam.

11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising collimating the first, second, third, and fourth light beams.

12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising passing the first, second, third, and fourth light beams through a window comprising a reference surface.

13. An optical profilometer comprising:

an optical probe for splitting a beam of light propagated within the profilometer into four light beams, the optical probe comprising a first polarizing beam splitter having a first polarization axis, a second polarizing beam splitter having a second polarization axis orthogonal to the first polarization axis, a first half wave plate and a second half wave plate; and

a scanner for traversing the optical probe over a surface of an element to be measured.

14. The optical profilometer of claim 13 , wherein the first half wave plate is before first polarizing beam splitter, and the second half wave plate is after the first polarizing beam splitter, relative to the propagation of the light beam.

15. The optical profilometer of claim 13 , wherein the optical probe is further comprised of a first birefringent phase plate and a second birefringent phase plate.

16. The optical profilometer of claim 13 , further comprising an interferometer in communication with the optical probe.