Nonaqueous electrolyte battery, battery pack and vehicle
A nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a negative electrode and a positive electrode. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material having a lithium ion absorption potential of 0.4 V (vs. Li/Li+) or more. The negative electrode current collector is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material. The positive electrode current collector has a total area and specific capacitance larger than those of the negative electrode current collector, and is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
1. A nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprising:
a negative electrode including a negative electrode layer containing a negative electrode active material having a lithium ion absorption potential of 0.4 V (vs. Li/Li+) or more, and a negative electrode current collector made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy to retain the negative electrode layer;
a positive electrode including a positive electrode layer containing a positive electrode active material, and a positive electrode current collector made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy to retain the positive electrode layer, the positive electrode current collector having a total area and specific capacitance larger than those of the negative electrode current collector; and
a nonaqueous electrolyte,
wherein the negative electrode current collector and the positive electrode current collector satisfy the following equation (I):
1 <Ap/An≦ 1.2 (I)
where An denotes the total area of the negative electrode current collector and Ap denotes the total area of the positive electrode current collector.
2. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 , wherein An is 500 cm 2 or more.
3. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of the positive electrode layer per one surface of the positive electrode current collector is from 20 to 200 g/m 2 .
4. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 , wherein the specific capacitance of the positive electrode current collector is from 20 to 150 μF/cm 2 , and the specific capacitance of the negative electrode current collector is less than 20 μF/cm 2 .
5. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode current collector is an aluminum alloy foil having an aluminum purity of 99% or more and containing from 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of at least one element of copper and manganese.
6. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode active material is at least one oxide of a first oxide containing lithium and cobalt and a second oxide which contains lithium and manganese and has a spinel structure.
7. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 6 , wherein the first oxide contains lithium-cobalt oxide particles having at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Ti, Sn, Zr, Ba and B on the surface of the particles.
8. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode active material contains a lithium-titanium oxide.
9. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode active material contains lithium titanate having a spinel structure.
10. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 , wherein an average particle diameter of the negative electrode active material is 1 μm or less.
11. A battery pack comprising a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, the nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprising:
a negative electrode including a negative electrode layer containing a negative electrode active material having a lithium ion absorption potential of 0.4 V (vs. Li/Li+) or more, and a negative electrode current collector made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy to retain the negative electrode layer;
a positive electrode including a positive electrode layer containing a positive electrode active material, and a positive electrode current collector made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy to retain the positive electrode layer, the positive electrode current collector having a total area and specific capacitance larger than those of the negative electrode current collector; and
a nonaqueous electrolyte,
wherein the negative electrode current collector and the positive electrode current collector satisfy the following equation (I):
1 <Ap/An ≦1.2 (I)
where An denotes the total area of the negative electrode current collector and Ap denotes the total area of the positive electrode current collector.
12. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 11 , wherein An is 500 cm 2 or more.
13. The battery pack according to claim 11 , wherein an amount of the positive electrode layer per one surface of the positive electrode current collector is from 20 to 200 g/m 2 .
14. The battery pack according to claim 11 , wherein the specific capacitance of the positive electrode current collector is from 20 to 150 μF/cm 2 , and the specific capacitance of the negative electrode current collector is less than 20 μF/cm 2 .
15. The battery pack according to claim 11 , wherein the positive electrode current collector is an aluminum alloy foil having an aluminum purity of 99% or more and containing from 0.05 to 0.3% by weight of at least one element of copper and manganese.
16. The battery pack according to claim 11 , wherein the positive electrode active material is at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of Li x Mn 2 O 4 (0≦x≦1), Li x MnO 2 (0≦x≦1) and Li x Mn 2−y Ni y O 4 (0<x≦1, 0<y≦0.6).
17. The battery pack according to claim 11 , wherein the positive electrode active material is at least one oxide of a first oxide containing lithium and cobalt and a second oxide which contains lithium and manganese and has a spinel structure.
18. The battery pack according to claim 11 , wherein the negative electrode active material contains a lithium-titanium oxide.
19. A vehicle comprising the nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1 .