Intracardiac catheters with image field electrodes
An intracardiac catheter for ultrasound guided ablation and EP mapping. Ablation and mapping electrodes 34, 36, 38, 39 are carried on the surface of an outer catheter 30 and an ultrasound array is mounted inside an inner catheter 20 . Backloading the inner catheter into the outer catheter provides the ultrasound array in position to image tissue near the surface electrodes. An acoustic coupling fluid is provided between the catheters and a number of the electrodes 34, 38 are positioned directly within the image field of the array.
1. An intracardiac imaging catheter comprising:
an elongated catheter body having a plurality of surface electrodes on a distal portion thereof; and
a longitudinally elongated side looking ultrasound array contained in the catheter body and configured to transmit and receive ultrasound waves so as to interrogate tissue near the surface electrodes;
wherein the array defines an image field, wherein a plurality of the surface electrodes are positioned so as to be in the image field of the array at the same time, and wherein at least two of the electrodes in the image field have substantially different thicknesses such that at least one of the electrodes in the image field is substantially opaque to the ultrasound waves and at least one of the electrodes in the image field is substantially transparent to the ultrasound waves.
2. The catheter of claim 1 wherein at least two of the surface electrodes are positioned longitudinally between proximal and distal ends of the array and have a thickness relative to the interrogation direction of the array of less than about 5 μm.
3. The catheter of claim 1 wherein the electrodes comprise gold, titanium, aluminum, magnesium or beryllium.
4. The catheter of claim 1 wherein at least one of the electrodes positioned in the image field of the array has a thickness greater than about 25 μm.
5. The catheter of claim 1 wherein the catheter body includes a generally cylindrical outer surface and a curved distal tip, and wherein at least one of the surface electrodes is on the curved distal tip.
6. The catheter of claim 5 further comprising a thermocouple under the electrode in the distal tip.
7. The catheter of claim 1 wherein a thickness of a first electrode in the image field is less than 10 μm and a corresponding thickness of a second electrode in the image field is greater than 25 μm.
8. The catheter of claim 7 wherein the second electrode has a width between 0.25 and 2.5 mm.
9. The catheter of claim 7 wherein there are a plurality of first electrodes in the image field each having a thickness less than 10 μm.
10. The catheter of claim 7 wherein there are a plurality of second electrodes in the image field each having a thickness greater than 25 μm.
11. The catheter of claim 1 wherein the array is contained within an inner catheter body positioned in a lumen of the elongated catheter body.
12. The catheter of claim 1 wherein the array is a diced array of piezoelectric elements.
13. The catheter of claim 12 wherein the elements are mounted on a flex circuit which includes circuitry for providing electrical impedance matching between array elements and individual analog cable lines extending from the flex circuit to a proximal connector.
14. The catheter of claim 13 wherein the circuitry further provides return signal amplification and frequency filtering.
15. The catheter of claim 14 wherein the array defines a center frequency between 10 and 20 MHz.
16. The catheter of claim 1 wherein the array is a one dimensional phased array having at least 64 elements.
17. The catheter of claim 1 wherein there are a plurality of electrodes in the image field that are substantially transparent to the ultrasound.
18. The catheter of claim 17 wherein there are a plurality of electrodes in the image field that are substantially opaque to the ultrasound.
19. The catheter of claim 1 wherein there are a plurality of electrodes in the image field that are substantially opaque to the ultrasound.
20. The catheter of claim 1 wherein the opaque electrode serves to divide the array into first and second sub-apertures.