Tin oxide-based electrodes having improved corrosion resistance
In one embodiment a tin oxide based electrode is disclosed. The tin oxide-based electrode includes a base material of tin oxide, a resistivity modifier, a sintering aid, and a corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitor forms a solid solution with the base material and has a melting point not less than about 1700° C. and a partial pressure of not greater than about 1.0E-7 atmospheres at 1500° C. The corrosion inhibitor further includes 0-4.0 wt % ZrO 2 based on the total weight of the composition.
1. A tin oxide based electrode formed of a composition, comprising:
a base material comprising tin oxide;
a resistivity modifier;
a sintering aid; and
a corrosion inhibitor in an amount effective to reduce total corrosion of the electrode with respect to molten glass, the corrosion inhibitor forming a solid solution with the base material, the corrosion inhibitor including a compound selected from the group consisting of ZrO 2 in an amount of not greater than 4.0 wt %, HfO 2 , TiO 2 , and combinations thereof.
2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor is selected from the group consisting of ZrO 2 , and HfO 2 and combinations thereof.
3. The electrode of claim 2 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises HfO 2 .
4. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises ZrO 2 in an amount of at least 1 wt %.
5. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the sintering aid is selected from the group consisting of CuO, ZnO, Mn 2 O 3 , CoO, and Li 2 O and combinations thereof.
6. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the sintering aid comprises not greater than about 1.0% of the total composition by weight.
7. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the resistivity modifier is selected from a group consisting of Sb 2 O 3 , As 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , Bi 2 O 3 , UO 2 and Ta 2 O 5 and combinations thereof.
8. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the resistivity modifier comprises not greater than about 1.0% of the total composition by weight.
9. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electrode has a resistivity not greater than about 5.0 E-1 ohm cm at 1400° C.
10. The electrode of claim 9 , wherein the electrode has a resistivity not greater than about 5.0 E-2 ohm cm at 1400° C.
11. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the density of the electrode is not less than about 6.55 g/cm 3 .
12. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor has a partial pressure of not greater than about 1.0 E-7 atmospheres at 1500° C.
13. The electrode of claim 12 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor has a partial pressure not greater than about 1.0 E-8 atmospheres at 1500° C.
14. The electrode of claim 12 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor has a partial pressure not greater than about 1.0 E-10 atmospheres at 1500° C.
15. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the corrosion inhibitor has a melting point not less than about 1700° C.
16. A tin oxide based electrode formed of a composition, comprising:
a base material comprising tin oxide;
a resistivity modifier;
a sintering aid; and
a corrosion inhibitor forming a solid solution with the base material, the corrosion inhibitor including a compound selected from the group consisting of HfO 2 , TiO 2 , and combinations thereof.
17. A tin oxide based electrode formed of a composition, comprising:
a base material comprising tin oxide;
a resistivity modifier;
a sintering aid; and
a corrosion inhibitor in an amount effective to reduce sublimation of the electrode with respect to molten glass, the corrosion inhibitor forming a solid solution with the base material, the corrosion inhibitor including a compound selected from the group consisting of ZrO 2 in an amount not greater than 4.0 wt %, HfO 2 , TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , and CeO 2 , and combinations thereof.