Spin transport element

1. A spin transport element comprising:

a first ferromagnet;

a second ferromagnet;

a channel having (i) a pair of main surfaces opposing each other and (ii) a pair of side surfaces opposing each other, the first ferromagnet and the second ferromagnet are disposed on one of the main surfaces, the pair of side surfaces extends in a direction from the first ferromagnet to the second ferromagnet, and

a magnetic shield that covers (i) the one of the main surfaces on which the first ferromagnet and second ferromagnet are disposed and (ii) at least one of the side surfaces, and

an insulating film provided between the channel and the magnetic shield.

2. The spin transport element according to claim 1 , wherein the magnetic shield covers a surface of the channel parallel to a direction of magnetization of the first ferromagnet and a direction of magnetization of the second ferromagnet.

3. The spin transport element according to claim 1 , wherein a material of the magnetic shield is a soft magnetic material containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ni, Fe, and Co.

4. The spin transport element according to claim 1 , wherein a material of the first ferromagnet and the second ferromagnet is any one of (1) to (3) below:

(1) a metal selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, and Ni;

(2) an alloy containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, and Ni; and

(3) a compound containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Co, Fe, and Ni, and one or more elements selected from the group consisting of B, C, and N.

5. The spin transport element according to claim 1 , wherein a material of the channel is a material containing one or more semiconductors selected from the group consisting of Si, Ge, GaAs, C, and ZnO.

6. The spin transport element according to claim 1 , wherein a barrier layer is formed between at least one of the first ferromagnet and the second ferromagnet, and the channel.

7. The spin transport element according to claim 6 , wherein a material of the barrier layer is an oxide material containing at least one of Mg and Al.

8. The spin transport element according to claim 1 , wherein a direction of magnetization of at least one of the first ferromagnet and the second ferromagnet is fixed by means of at least one of an antiferromagnet and shape anisotropy.

9. The spin transport element according to claim 1 , wherein a coercive force of the first ferromagnet is different from a coercive force of the second ferromagnet.