Methods of modulating lipid concentrations in eukaryotic cells
The present invention is based on the discovery of a set of genes that are involved in lipid-droplet formation and regulation. Accordingly, the present invention provides methods of increasing or decreasing lipid concentrations in eukaryotic cells by decreasing or increasing expression of one of these genes. Increased lipid concentrations may be useful, for example, in the generation of biofuels. Decreased lipid concentration may be useful in the treatment of diseases characterized by excessive lipid storage. In addition, the invention provides methods of identifying markers of diseases characterized by excessive lipid storage.
1. A method of increasing lipid production in a eukaryotic cell, comprising genetically altering said cell for altered expression level of a gene whose alteration has a visible phenotypic effect on either or both of (a) lipid droplet size or (b) lipid droplet number in cells in said cell culture and extracting lipids from said eukaryotic cell, wherein said gene is selected from the group consisting of arf-COPI genes, garz, and orthologs thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 where the cells in the cell culture exhibit reduced lipid concentration by increasing expression of said gene, or increased lipid concentration in said cell by reducing expression of said gene, where reducing gene expression results in larger, dispersed lipid droplets, and said gene is selected from the group consisting of arf-COPI genes and garz.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transfecting said eukaryotic cell with said gene.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said eukaryotic cell is a plant, fungal or animal cell.
5. The method as set forth in claim 4 , wherein said eukaryotic cell is a plant cell, and wherein said plant is selected from the group consisting of soy, coconut, corn, cotton, flax, palm, rapeseed, canola, safflower, sunflower, and algae.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said eukaryotic cell is a yeast cell.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of producing a biofuel after said extracting of lipid droplets.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said gene is an Arf gene and said altered expression is lowered expression.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein said gene is Arf or COPI and further comprising the step of lowering gene expression in said eukaryotic cell by RNAi.