Use of imipramine blue and analogs thereof in treating cancers
Compounds, pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds, and methods of preparation and use thereof are disclosed. The compounds are triphenyl methane analogs. The compounds and compositions can be used to treat and/or prevent a wide variety of cancers, including drug resistant cancers, inflammatory, degenerative and vascular diseases, and parasitic infections. The compounds are triphenyl methane analogs of imipramine blue and analogs thereof, as defined herein. The compounds are believed to function by inhibiting tNOX expression, the effects of ROS, and/or the production of HIF2. Thus, the compounds are novel therapeutic agents for a variety of cancers and other diseases.
1. A compound of the following formula:
wherein
R is, independently, H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, or arylalkyl, wherein the substituent groups are selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, mercapto, aryl, heterocyclo, halo, carboxyl, carbamyl, cyano, and amine groups bearing zero, one, or two alkyl groups and cyclic amines with ring sizes between three and eight carbons, X is, independently, H, substituted amine, hydroxy, ether, thiol, or thiol ether,
X′ is O, S, NR, or NR 2 + .
Z=an optional substituent,
wherein the individual aromatic rings can be substituted at any free position with H or a substituent Z, as described herein, and
Substituents defined by Z are selected from the group consisting of C 1-6 alkyl (including cycloalkyl), alkenyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halo, —OR′, —NR′R″, —CF 3 , —CN, —NO 2 , —C 2 R′, —SR′, —N 3 , —C(═O)NR′R″, —NR′C(═O)R″, —C(═O)R′, —C(═O)OR′, —OC(═O)R′, —OC(═O)NR′R″, —NR′C(═O)OR″, —SO 2 R′, —SO 2 NR′R″, and —NR′SO 2 R″, where R′ and R″ are individually hydrogen, C 1-6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or arylalkyl;
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, hydrates and solvates thereof.
2. The compound of claim 1 , having the formula:
wherein X and X′ are as defined in claim 1 .
3. The compound of claim 1 , having the formula: