Floating-tap decision feedback equalizer for communication channels with severe reflection
An apparatus including a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit may be configured to determine values for a predefined metric for a plurality of tap positions within a range covered by a decision feedback equalizer (DFE). The values for a number of taps may be determined in parallel. The second circuit may be configured to set one or more floating taps of the DFE to tap positions based upon the values of the predefined metric. The floating taps in the decision feedback equalizer may be selected adaptively.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a first circuit configured to determine values for a predefined metric for a plurality of tap positions within a range covered by a decision feedback equalizer (DFE), wherein said values for a number of taps are determined in parallel; and
a second circuit configured to set one or more floating taps in a feedback path of the DFE to tap positions based upon said values of said predefined metric, wherein the tap positions of the one or more floating taps in the feedback path of the DFE are determined by a sliding window process using a sliding window containing a plurality of tap positions, and said sliding window process comprises adapting tap weights of the DFE to obtain current tap weight magnitudes and, when the tap weights converge, updating tap positions and tap weights of the DFE based upon a comparison of current tap positions and tap weight magnitudes with previous tap positions and tap weight magnitudes.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said predefined metric comprises one or more criteria selected from the group consisting of tap weight magnitude, signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), eye opening and bit error rate (BER).
3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein said sliding window process is used to determine the tap positions with larger tap weight magnitudes.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a state machine configured to control said sliding window process, wherein said sliding window process comprises the steps of:
setting a position of said sliding window containing said plurality of tap positions;
adapting the tap weights of the DFE to obtain the current tap weight magnitudes;
when the tap weights converge, comparing the current tap positions and tap weight magnitudes with previous tap positions and tap weight magnitudes; and
updating which tap positions of the DFE have the larger tap weight magnitudes and storing corresponding tap weights.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the sliding window process further comprises:
repeating the steps of claim 4 for a plurality of sliding window positions in the range covered by said DFE.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein for a first sliding window position the previous tap positions and tap weights are set to zero.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said floating tap positions are dynamically updated.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said floating tap positions are set independently.
9. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said floating tap positions are set as a group of consecutive tap positions.
10. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said floating tap positions are set as multiple groups of consecutive tap positions.
11. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said floating tap positions are updated in real time without interrupting data traffic.
12. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein said floating tap positions are updated automatically with changes in reflection locations.
13. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of shift registers connected in parallel and configured to store received data for floating tap equalization.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13 , further comprising an adaptation engine configured to generate a plurality of control signals, said plurality of control signals controlling a data rotator to use data stored in a local register instead of data stored in said plurality of shift registers for floating tap equalization when one or more floating taps are within a predetermined distance of one or more fixed taps.
15. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein one or more taps of said DFE are set to fixed positions to reduce inter symbol interference during a search for said floating tap positions.
16. An apparatus comprising:
a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) having a feedback path comprising one or more fixed taps and one or more floating taps in a normal operation mode;
a state machine configured to (i) switch the DFE to a search mode in response to a trigger event, (ii) set the one or more floating taps of the DFE to tap positions determined using a predefined metric during the search mode, wherein the tap positions of the one or more floating taps in the feedback path of the DFE are determined using a sliding window process using a sliding window containing a plurality of tap positions, and said sliding window process comprises adapting tap weights of the DFE to obtain current tap weight magnitudes and, when the tap weights converge, updating tap positions and tap weights of the DFE based upon a comparison of current tap positions and tap weight magnitudes with previous tap positions and tap weight magnitudes, and (iii) return the DFE to the normal operating mode when all the floating tap positions have been determined; and
a plurality of shift registers connected in parallel and configured to store received data for floating tap equalization.
17. The apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein said predefined metric comprises one or more criteria selected from the group consisting of tap weight magnitude, signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), eye opening and bit error rate (BER).
18. The apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein said trigger event comprises one or more types of events selected from the group consisting of a trigger signal from an external source, a timeout event from an internal timer and an initialization of a system containing the DFE.
19. A decision feedback equalizer (DFE) comprising:
a number of fixed taps configured to reduce inter symbol interference (ISI) in a channel;
a number of floating taps configured to reduce reflection distortion contribution in said channel;
a number of adders configured to sum respective received data symbols with respective fixed tap feedback signals and respective floating tap feedback signals;
a number of slicers, each receiving an output of one of said adders;
a deserializer configured to convert outputs of the number of slicers to a parallel format;
a tap adaptation logic configured to generate (i) a number of pointers identifying tap weights and positions for said number of floating taps and (ii) a number of control signals in response to an output of said deserializer;
a plurality of shift registers connected in parallel and configured to store received data from said deserializer for floating tap equalization; and
a number of multiplexers configured to generate said floating tap feedback signals in response to (i) values selected from said plurality of shift registers in response to said number of pointers and (ii) said number of control signals.
20. The apparatus according to claim 19 , wherein said apparatus comprises a 2T architecture, where T represents a symbol period of said channel.
21. The apparatus according to claim 19 , wherein one or more of said plurality of control signals generated by said tap adaptation logic control a data rotator to use data stored in a local register instead of data stored in said plurality of shift registers for floating tap equalization when one or more floating taps are within a predetermined distance of one or more fixed taps.