Antimicrobial and anticancer lipopeptides

1. A lipophilic conjugate having antibacterial, antifungal or anticancer activity, the lipophilic conjugate comprising a peptide coupled to a fatty acid, wherein the peptide or a salt thereof consists of 2 to 5 amino acid residues, at least two of the amino acid residues being positively charged amino acid residues, and wherein said peptide has a net positive charge that is equal or greater than +1.

2. The conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein the peptide is selected from all L-amino acid peptides, all D-amino acid peptides, and diastereomeric peptides.

3. The conjugate according to claim 2 , wherein the diastereomeric peptide comprises at least one third amino acid residues in the D-configuration.

4. The conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid is selected from saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

5. The conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid consists of at least eight carbon atoms.

6. The conjugate according to claim 5 , wherein the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, lignoceric acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, trans-hexadecanoic acid, elaidic acid, lactobacillic acid, tuberculostearic acid, and cerebronic acid.

7. The conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein the peptide comprises a lysine di-peptide, lysine tri-peptide, or a lysine tetra-peptide.

8. The conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein the peptide comprises at least two positively charged amino acids selected from the group consisting of arginine, histidine, lysine, and combinations thereof and a hydrophobic amino acid selected from the group consisting of leucine, valine, alanine, isoleucine, glycine, and a combination thereof.

9. The conjugate according to claim 8 , wherein the peptide comprises at least two lysine residues and a hydrophobic amino acid selected from the group consisting of leucine, valine, alanine, isoleucine, and glycine.

10. The conjugate according to claim 8 , wherein the peptide comprises leucine and at least two positively charged amino acids selected from arginine or histidine.

11. The conjugate according to claim 8 , wherein the peptide comprises leucine and a combination of at least two positively charged amino acids selected from the group consisting of lysine, arginine, and histidine.

12. The conjugate according to claim 8 , wherein the peptide comprises at least two positively charged amino acids and a combination of hydrophobic and non-hydrophobic amino acids.

13. The conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein the peptide comprises at least two positively charged amino acids and a negatively charged amino acid.

14. The conjugate according to claim 1 , wherein the peptide is cyclic.

15. A lipophilic conjugate comprising a peptide coupled to a fatty acid, the peptide, a cyclic analog or a salt thereof consisting of 2 to 14 amino acid residues and having a net positive charge that is equal or greater than +1, the peptide, cyclic analog or salt thereof comprising at least two positively charged amino acid residues, wherein the lipophilic conjugate has at least one activity selected from the group consisting of antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activity and is selected from the group of lipopeptides as set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 1 to 46.

16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising as an active ingredient a lipophilic conjugate according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

17. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 16 formulated in a form of a solution, colloidal dispersion, cream, lotion, gel, foam, emulsion, spray, aerosol or an ointment.

18. A veterinary composition comprising a lipophilic conjugate according to claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier formulated for veterinary use.

19. A food preservative composition comprising a food and a lipophilic conjugate according to claim 1 in an amount sufficient for food preservation.

20. A disinfecting composition comprising a composition to be disinfected and a lipophilic conjugate according to claim 1 in an amount sufficient for sterilization.

21. The conjugate according to claim 15 , as set forth in SEQ ID NOS: 39 to 46.

22. A lipophilic conjugate according to claim 1 having antibacterial or antifungal activity.

23. A method for treating a bacterial or fungal infection in a subject comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the lipophilic conjugate according to claim 22 or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of the lipophilic conjugate according to claim 22 .

24. The method according to claim 23 , wherein the subject has acne, poorly healing skin lesions, burn wounds or the infection is selected from fungal infections of the scalp, fungal infections related to traumatic wounds, bacterial infections related to traumatic wounds, and bacterial or fungal eye or ear infections.

25. A method for treating prostate cancer in a subject comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a lipophilic conjugate according to claim 1 or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of the lipophilic conjugate according to claim 1 .

26. A lipophilic conjugate according to claim 15 having antibacterial or antifungal activity.

27. A method for treating a bacterial or fungal infection in a subject comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a lipophilic conjugate according to claim 26 or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of the lipophilic conjugate according to claim 26 .

28. The method according to claim 27 , wherein the subject has acne, poorly healing skin lesions, burn wounds or the infection is selected from fungal infections of the scalp, fungal infections related to traumatic wounds, bacterial infections related to traumatic wounds, and bacterial or fungal eye or ear infections.

29. A method for treating prostate cancer in a subject comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a lipophilic conjugate according to claim 15 or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically effective carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of the lipophilic conjugate according to claim 15 .

30. A lipophilic conjugate according to claim 1 having two or more of the antibacterial, antifungal or anticancer activities.

31. The lipophilic conjugate according to claim 30 having antibacterial and antifungal activities.

32. The lipophilic conjugate according to claim 30 having antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities.

33. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the lipophilic conjugate according to claim 30 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

34. A veterinary composition comprising the lipophilic conjugate according to claim 30 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier formulated for veterinary use.

35. A food preservative composition comprising a foodstuff and the lipophilic conjugate according to claim 30 in an amount sufficient for food preservation.

36. A method for treating a bacterial or fungal infection in a subject comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of the lipophilic conjugate according to claim 31 .

37. A method for treating a bacterial or fungal infection in a subject comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the lipophilic conjugate according to claim 35 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

38. The method of claim 25 wherein the lipophilic conjugate also has antibacterial and antifungal activities in addition to anticancer activities.

39. The method of claim 15 wherein the lipophilic conjugate also has antibacterial and antifungal activities in addition to anticancer activities.