Activation of peptide prodrugs by hK2
The invention provides novel peptide prodrugs that contain cleavage sites specifically cleaved by human kallikrein 2 (hK2). These prodrugs are useful for substantially inhibiting the non-specific toxicity of a variety of therapeutic drugs. Upon cleavage of the prodrug by hK2, the therapeutic drugs are activated and exert their toxicity. Methods for treating cell proliferative disorders are also featured in the invention.
1. A composition comprising a prodrug, the prodrug comprising
a therapeutically active drug; and
a peptide comprising an amino acid sequence having a cleavage site specific for an enzyme having a proteolytic activity of human kallikrein 2 (hK2),
wherein the peptide is linked to the therapeutically active drug to inhibit the therapeutic activity of the drug, and wherein the therapeutically active drug is cleaved from the peptide upon proteolysis by an enzyme having a proteolytic activity of hK2, and
wherein the peptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 66, SEQ ID NO: 68, SEQ ID NO: 70, SEQ ID NO: 71, SEQ ID NO: 72, SEQ ID NO: 73, SEQ ID NO: 74, SEQ ID NO: 93, SEQ ID NO: 102, and SEQ ID NO: 104.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the peptide is linked directly to the therapeutically active drug.
3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the peptide is linked directly to a primary amine group on the therapeutically active drug.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the peptide is linked to the therapeutically active drug via a linker.
5. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the therapeutically active drug is a compound belonging to the group of thapsigargins which have been derivatized with a moiety containing a primary amine group, and the linker is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) CO—(CH═CH) n1 —(CH2) n2 -Ar—NH 2 ,
(b) CO—(CH 2 ) n2 —(CH═CH)n1-Ar—NH 2 ,
(c) CO—(CH 2 ) n2 —(CH═CH) n1 —CO—NH—Ar—NH 2 ,
(d) CO—(CH═CH) n1 —(CH2) n2 -CO—NH—Ar—NH 2 ,
(e) CO—(CH 2 ) n3 —NH 2 , and
(f) CO—(CH 2 ) n3 —NH—CO—CH(R 4 )—NH 2 ,
each of which is unsubstituted or alkyl-, aryl-, halo-, alkoxy-, alkenyl-, amido- or amino-substituted, and wherein n1 and n2 are from 0 to 5, n3 is from 0 to 15, Ar is any substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, attachment of NH2 to Ar is in an ortho, meta or para position with respect to the remainder of the linker, and R 4 is any naturally occurring amino acid side chain.
6. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the linker is an amino acid sequence.
7. The composition of claim 6 , wherein the linker comprises a leucine residue.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically active drug inhibits a sarcoplasmic reticulum and endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pump.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the therapeutically active drug is selected from the group of primary amine containing thapsigargins and thapsigargin derivatives.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically active drug intercalates into a polynucleotide.
11. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the therapeutically active drug is an anthracycline antibiotic.
12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the therapeutically active drug is selected from the group consisting of doxorubicin, daunorubicin, epirubicin and idarubicin.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically active drug has an LC 50 toward ER Ca 2+ -ATPase of at most 500 nM.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the therapeutically active drug has an L 50 toward ER Ca 2+ -ATPase of at most 50 nM.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutically active drug has an LC 50 toward hK2-producing tissue of at most 20 μM.
16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the therapeutically active drug has an LC 50 toward hK2-producing tissue of less than or equal to 2.0 μM.
17. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising an added substituent which renders the composition water soluble.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the added substituent is a polysaccharide.
19. The composition of claim 18 , wherein the polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of modified or unmodified dextran, cyclodextrin and starch.