Chemically resistive and lubricated overcoat
Embodiments provide novel imaging members used in electrostatography. More particularly, there is provided flexible electrophotographic imaging members which exhibit an extended functional life. These imaging members include an improved protective overcoat layer comprising: (1) a polymer blend of a low surface energy copolymer and a chemically resistive copolymer, (2) a chemically resistive copolymer and a slip agent, and (3) a chemically resistive copolymer and the dispersion of a low surface energy Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles to effect surface contact friction reduction for enhancing wear resistance and for suppressing copy printout defect caused by chemical attack.
1. A flexible imaging member comprising:
a flexible substrate;
a charge generating layer disposed on the substrate;
at least one charge transport layer disposed on the charge generating layer; and
an overcoat layer disposed over the at least one charge transport layer, wherein the overcoat layer comprises a blend of a polycarbonate and a low surface energy polycarbonate, and further wherein the polycarbonate is an A-B diblock copolymer comprising a bisphenol A polycarbonate segment block (A) and a phthalic acid containing segment block (B) terminal capable of providing protection against amine species contaminants, selected from the group consisting of Formula (I) and Formula (II) below:
wherein z represents the number of bisphenol A repeating units in block A of from about 9 to about 18, y is number of repeating phthalic acid block B of from about 1 to about 2, and n is the degree of polymerization between about 20 and about 80 for the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight between about 100,000 and about 200,000, and mixtures thereof, while the low surface energy polycarbonate is selected from the group consisting of a bisphenol A polycarbonate of poly(4,4′-isopropylidene diphenyl carbonate) modified by including a small fraction of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) linkages in the main polycarbonate chain back bone to obtain Formula (1) below:
wherein x is a number from about 10 to about 50, and f and g are numbers representing each respective repeating segment such that f is from about 1 to about 4 and g is from about 10 to about 100 for a weight average molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 130,000 of the low surface energy polycarbonate, a bisphenol Z polycarbonate of poly(4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-cyclohexane carbonate) modified by including a small fraction of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) linkages into the main polycarbonate chain back bone to obtain Formula (2) below:
wherein x is a number from about 10 and about 50 while f and g are numbers representing each respective repeating units such that f is between about 1 and about 4 and g is from about 10 to about 100 for a weight average molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 130,000 of the low surface energy polycarbonate, a bisphenol C polycarbonate of poly(4,4′-isopropylidene diphenyl carbonate) modified by including a small fraction of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) linkages into the main polycarbonate chain back bone to obtain Formula (3) below:
wherein x is a number from about 10 and about 50 while f and g are numbers representing the respective repeating units such that f is between about 1 and about 4 and g is from about 10 to about 100 for a weight average molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 130,000 of the low surface energy polycarbonate, and a bisphenol Z polycarbonate of poly(4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-cyclohexane carbonate) modified by including a small fraction of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) linkages into the main polycarbonate chain back bone to obtain Formula (4) below:
wherein x is a number from about 10 and about 50 while f and g are numbers representing the respective repeating units such that f is between about 1 and about 4 and g is from about 10 to about 100 for a weight average molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 130,000 of the low surface energy polycarbonate, and mixtures thereof, and
an anticurl back coating layer disposed on the flexible substrate on a side opposite the charge generating and charge transport layers.
2. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein the degree n of polymerization of the diblock copolymer is from about 20 to about 80.
3. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein a weight average molecular weight of the diblock copolymer is from about 100,000 to about 200,000 and a weight average molecular weight of the low surface energy polycarbonate is from about 15,000 to about 130,000.
4. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein the overcoat layer comprises an A-B diblock copolymer of Formulas (I) and (II) and a liquid slip agent present in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 1.0 percent by weight of the overcoat layer.
5. The flexible imaging member of claim 4 , wherein the liquid slip agent has the following formula:
wherein i and j are from about 5 to about 50, b is a number between 0 and 10, and R 1 is:
wherein k is a number from about 1 to about 30, R 2 and R 3 are alkylene groups containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R 4 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
6. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein the overcoat layer comprises an A-B diblock copolymer of Formulas (I) and (II) and a dispersion of low surface energy nanoparticles of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS).
7. The flexible imaging member of claim 6 , wherein the low surface energy nanoparticles have a particle size of from about 1 to about 3 nanometers.
8. The flexible imaging member of claim 6 , wherein the low surface energy nanoparticles of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane are present in the overcoat layer in an amount of from about 1 to about 10 percent by weight of the overcoat layer.
9. The flexible imaging member of claim 6 , wherein the low surface energy polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane is selected from the group consisting of poly(dimethyl-co-methyl-co-methylethylsiloxy POSS) siloxane; poly(dimethyl-co-methylvinyl-co-methylethylsiloxy POSS) siloxane, poly(dimethyl-co-methylhydrido-co-methylpropyl POSS) siloxane, poly(dimethyl-co-hydrido-co-methylpropyl POSS) siloxane, poly(dimethyl-co-methylvinyl-co-methylethylsiloxy POSS) siloxane, fluoro(13)disilanolisobutyl POSS, trisfluoro(13)cylcopentyl POSS, fluoro(13)disilanolcyclopentyl POSS, methacrylfluoror(3) POSS, and mixtures thereof.
10. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein the overcoat layer has a thickness of from about 1 to about 10 micrometers.
11. The flexible imaging member of claim 10 , wherein the overcoat layer has a thickness of from about 2 to about 6 micrometers.
12. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , a weight ratio of the diblock copolymer to the low surface energy polycarbonate is from about 5:95 to about 95:5.
13. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein the overcoat layer further includes a diamine charge transport compound present in an amount of from about 0 to about 10 percent by weight of the overcoat layer.
14. The flexible imaging member of claim 13 , wherein the diamine charge transport compound is N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine.
15. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein the overcoat layer further comprises an inorganic filler selected from the group consisting of silica, metal oxides, metal carbonate, metal silicates, and mixtures thereof.
16. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein the overcoat layer further comprises an organic filler selected from stearates, fluorocarbon (PTFE) polymers, waxy polyethylene, fatty amides, stearamide, and mixtures thereof.
17. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein the segmental block (A) in the diblock copolymer is replaced by a carbonate selected from the group consisting of:
18. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein the phthalic acid terminal block (B) terminal in the diblock copolymer is replaced by a compound selected from the group consisting of:
19. The flexible imaging member of claim 1 , wherein the phthalic acid terminal block (B) terminal in the diblock copolymer is replaced by a terephthalic acid, an isophthalic acid, an adipic acid or an azelaic acid.
20. A flexible imaging member comprising:
a flexible substrate;
a charge generating layer disposed on the substrate;
multiple charge transport layers disposed on the charge generating layer; and
an overcoat layer disposed over the multiple charge transport layers, wherein the overcoat layer comprises a blend of a polycarbonate binder and a low surface energy polycarbonate, and further wherein the polycarbonate binder is an A-B diblock copolymer comprising a bisphenol A polycarbonate segment block (A) and a phthalic acid containing segment block (B) terminal capable of providing protection against amine species contaminants, selected from the group consisting of Formula (I) and Formula (II) below:
wherein z represents the number of bisphenol A repeating units in block A of from about 9 to about 18, y is number of repeating phthalic acid block B of from about 1 to about 2, and n is the degree of polymerization between about 20 and about 80 for the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight between about 100,000 and about 200,000, and mixtures thereof, while the low surface energy polycarbonate is selected from the group consisting of a bisphenol A polycarbonate of poly(4,4′-isopropylidene diphenyl carbonate) modified by including a small fraction of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) linkages in the main polycarbonate chain back bone to obtain Formula (1) below:
wherein x is a number from about 10 and about 50 while f and g are numbers representing the respective repeating units such that f is between about 1 and about 4 and g is from about 10 to about 100 for a weight average molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 130,000 of the low surface energy polycarbonate, a bisphenol Z polycarbonate of poly(4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-cyclohexane carbonate) modified by including a small fraction of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) linkages into the main polycarbonate chain back bone to obtain Formula (2) below:
wherein x is a number from about 10 and about 50 while f and g are numbers representing the respective repeating units such that f is between about 1 and about 4 and g is from about 10 to about 100 for a weight average molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 130,000 of the low surface energy polycarbonate, or a bisphenol C polycarbonate of poly(4,4′-isopropylidene diphenyl carbonate) modified by including a small fraction of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) linkages into the main polycarbonate chain back bone to obtain Formula (3) below:
wherein x is a number from about 10 and about 50 while f and g are numbers representing the respective repeating units such that f is between about 1 and about 4 and g is from about 10 to about 100 for a weight average molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 130,000 of the low surface energy polycarbonate, and a bisphenol Z polycarbonate of poly(4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-cyclohexane carbonate) modified by including a small fraction of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) linkages into the main polycarbonate chain back bone to obtain Formula (4) below:
wherein x is a number from about 10 and about 50 while f an g are numbers representing the respective repeating units such that f is between about 1 and about 4 and g is from about 10 to about 100 for a weight average molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 130,000 of the low surface energy polycarbonate, and mixtures thereof, and
an anticurl back coating layer disposed on the flexible substrate on a side opposite the charge generating and charge transport layers.
21. An image forming apparatus for forming images on a recording medium comprising:
a) an imaging member having a charge retentive-surface for receiving an electrostatic latent image thereon, wherein the imaging member comprises
a flexible substrate,
a charge generating layer disposed on the substrate,
at least one charge transport layer disposed on the charge generating layer, and
an overcoat layer disposed over the at least one charge transport layer, wherein the overcoat layer comprises a blend of a polycarbonate binder and a low surface energy polycarbonate, and further wherein the polycarbonate binder is an A-B diblock copolymer comprising a bisphenol A polycarbonate segment block (A) and a phthalic acid containing segment block (B) terminal capable of providing protection against amine species contaminants, selected from the group consisting of Formula (I) and Formula (II) below:
wherein z represents the number of bisphenol A repeating units in block A of from about 9 to about 18, y is number of repeating phthalic acid block B of from about 1 to about 2, and n is the degree of polymerization between about 20 and about 80 for the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight between about 100,000 and about 200,000, and mixtures thereof, while the low surface energy polycarbonate is selected from the group consisting of a bisphenol A polycarbonate of poly(4,4′-isopropylidene diphenyl carbonate) modified by including a small fraction of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) linkages in the main polycarbonate chain back bone to obtain Formula (1) below:
wherein x is a number from about 10 to about 50, and f and g are numbers representing each respective repeating segment such that f is from about 1 to about 4 and g is from about 10 to about 100 for a weight average molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 130,000 of the low surface energy polycarbonate, a bisphenol Z polycarbonate of poly(4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-cyclohexane carbonate) modified by including a small fraction of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) linkages into the main polycarbonate chain back bone to obtain Formula (2) below:
wherein x is a number from about 10 and about 50 while f and g are numbers representing each respective repeating units such that f is between about 1 and about 4 and g is from about 10 to about 100 for a weight average molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 130,000 of the low surface energy polycarbonate, a bisphenol C polycarbonate of poly(4,4′-isopropylidene diphenyl carbonate) modified by including a small fraction of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) linkages into the main polycarbonate chain back bone to obtain Formula (3) below:
wherein x is a number from about 10 and about 50 while f and g are numbers representing the respective repeating units such that f is between about 1 and about 4 and g is from about 10 to about 100 for a weight average molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 130,000 of the low surface energy polycarbonate, and a bisphenol Z polycarbonate of poly(4,4′-diphenyl-1,1′-cyclohexane carbonate) modified by including a small fraction of polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) linkages into the main polycarbonate chain back bone to obtain Formula (4) below:
wherein x is a number from about 10 and about 50 while f and g are numbers representing the respective repeating units such that f is between about 1 and about 4 and g is from about 10 to about 100 for a weight average molecular weight of from about 15,000 to about 130,000 of the low surface energy polycarbonate, and mixtures thereof, and
an anticurl back coating layer disposed on the flexible substrate on a side opposite the charge generating and charge transport layers;
b) a development component for applying a developer material to the charge-retentive surface to develop the electrostatic latent image to form a developed image on the charge-retentive surface;
c) a transfer component for transferring the developed image from the charge-retentive surface to a copy substrate; and
d) a fusing component for fusing the developed image to the copy substrate.