Influenza B viruses with reduced sensitivity to neuraminidase inhibitors
An isolated influenza B virus which has reduced sensitivity to one or more neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors, wherein the reduced sensitivity to one or more NA inhibitors is associated with a residue in NA other than Ile at position 222, a residue in NA other than Ser at a position 250, or a residue in NA other than Gly at position 402, as well as methods to detect such a virus or determine agents that inhibit the infection or replication of such as virus, are provided.
1. A method to select a neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor for a mammal infected with an influenza B virus, comprising:
detecting in a sample from the mammal an influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) with a residue other than Ile at position 222, other than Ser at position 250, other than Gly at position 402, or a combination thereof, wherein the numbering for NA residues is that for N2, which residue other than Ile at position 222, Ser at position 250, or Gly at position 402 is associated with reduced sensitivity to peramivir, oseltamivir or zanamivir; and
administering a NA inhibitor effective to treat the mammal which inhibitor is selected based on the residue at position 222, at position 250, or at position 402.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the NA further comprises a residue at position 198 other than Asp.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the residue at position 198 is Asn.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the residue at position 222 is Thr.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the residue at position 250 is Gly.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the residue at position 402 is Ser.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the sample is a pharyngeal sample.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the sample is a nasal sample.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the sample is cultured in vitro prior to detection.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein MDCK cells are employed to culture the sample.
11. A method to select a NA inhibitor for a mammal that has not been treated with a NA inhibitor and is suspected of being infected with an influenza B virus, comprising:
providing a sample from the mammal;
detecting in the sample an influenza virus NA with a residue other than Asp at position 198, other than Ile at position 222, other than Ser at position 250, other than Gly at position 402, or a combination thereof, wherein the numbering for NA residues is that for N2, which residue other than Asp at position 198, Ile at position 222, Ser at position 250, or Gly at position 402 is associated with reduced sensitivity to peramivir, oseltamivir or zanamivir; and
administering a NA inhibitor effective to treat the mammal which inhibitor is selected based on the residue at position 198, at position 222, at position 250, or at position 402.
12. A method to select a NA inhibitor for a mammal infected with an influenza B virus, comprising
providing a mammalian sample suspected of having influenza virus;
detecting in the sample an influenza B virus NA with a Thr at position 222, a Gly at position 250, or a Ser at position 402, or a combination thereof, wherein the numbering for NA residues is that for N2; and
administering a NA inhibitor effective to treat the mammal based on whether the virus has a Thr at position 222, a Gly at position 250, or a Ser at position 402.
13. A method to select a NA inhibitor for a mammal that has not been treated with a NA inhibitor and is suspected of being infected with an influenza B virus, comprising:
providing a sample from the mammal; and
detecting in the sample an influenza B virus NA with a Asn at position 198, a Thr at position 222, a Gly at position 250, or a Ser at position 402, or a combination thereof, wherein the numbering for NA residues is that for N2; and
administering a NA inhibitor effective to treat the mammal based on whether the virus has Asn at position 198, Thr at position 222, Gly at position 250, or Ser at position 402.
14. The method of claim 12 or 13 wherein the sample is a pharyngeal sample.
15. The method of claim 12 or 13 wherein the sample is a nasal sample.
16. The method of claim 12 or 13 wherein the sample is a human sample.
17. A method to treat a human infected with an influenza B virus with reduced sensitivity to a NA inhibitor, comprising:
providing a human infected with
an influenza B virus having a NA with a Thr at position 222, a Gly at position 250, or a Ser at position 402, or a combination thereof, wherein the numbering for NA residues is that for N2, wherein an influenza B virus NA with a Thr at position 222, a Gly at position 250, or a Ser at position 402 is indicative of a virus with reduced sensitivity to a NA inhibitor; and
treating the human with a NA inhibitor that is selected based on whether the virus has Thr at position 222, Gly at position 250, or Ser at position 402.