C-H bond amination and olefin aziridination with β-diketiminato copper catalysts
One aspect of the present invention relates to a method for the transition metal (e.g., Cu(I)) mediated amidation of C—H bonds using electron-rich aliphatic azides. In certain embodiments, the methods are useful for the C—H insertion of nitrenes generated and stabilized by a β-diketiminato metal catalyst. In certain embodiments, said nitrenes are generated from organoazides, or by oxidation of the corresponding amine. Another aspect of the present invention relates to olefin aziridination using said β-diketiminato metal catalysts. In addition, the methods of the present invention include stereoselective C—H bond aminations and olefin aziridinatons. In certain embodiments, the methods are conducted in an aerobic environment. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to the use of O 2 as an oxidant, wherein water is the byproduct of oxidation; this fact avoids the generation of toxic byproducts and renders the methods atom economical.
1. A compound represented by Formula IV:
wherein,
R 1 -R 6 and R 9 represents independently for each occurrence H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, halogen, CN, or CF 3 ;
R 7 and R 8 represent independently for each occurrence H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or halogen;
X 1 -X 4 represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, halogen or perhaloalkyl;
L is a Lewis base selected from the group consisting of an aromatic compound, a μ-nitrene, and two μ-oxygen atoms; and
M is Cu or Co.
2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein M is Cu.
3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein M is Co.
4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 7 -R 9 represents independently for each occurrence H, Me, Ph, or t-Bu.
5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein R 7 and R 8 represent t-Bu.
6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein X 1 -X 4 are independently for each occurrence halogen or perfluoroalkyl.
7. The compound of claim 1 , wherein X 1 -X 4 are independently for each occurrence Cl, I, Br, or CF 3 .
8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein X 1 -X 4 are independently for each occurrence Cl.
9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein X 1 -X 4 are independently for each occurrence CF 3 .
10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein M is Cu, and X 1 -X 4 are independently for each occurrence Cl.
11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein M is Cu, and X 1 -X 4 are independently for each occurrence CF 3 .
12. The compound of claim 1 , wherein L is an aromatic compound.
13. The compound of claim 1 , wherein L is toluene.
14. The compound of claim 1 , wherein L is two μ-oxygen atoms.
15. The compound of claim 1 , wherein M is Cu, X 1 -X 4 are independently for each occurrence Cl, and L is toluene.
16. The compound of claim 1 , wherein M is Cu, X 1 -X 4 are independently for each occurrence CF 3 , and L is toluene.
17. A method of C—H bond amination depicted in Scheme A:
wherein,
R represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;
R′ represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;
R 1 -R 9 represents independently for each occurrence H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, halogen, CN, or CF 3 ;
X 1 -X 4 represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, halogen or perhaloalkyl;
L is a Lewis base selected from the group consisting of an aromatic compound, a μ-nitrene, and two μ-oxygen atoms; and
M is Cu or Co.
18. A method of C—H bond amidation depicted in Scheme B:
wherein,
R represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;
R′ represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;
R 1 -R 9 represents independently for each occurrence H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, halogen, CN, or CF 3 ;
X 1 -X 4 represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, halogen or perhaloalkyl;
L is a Lewis base selected from the group consisting of an aromatic compound, a μ-nitrene, and two μ-oxygen atoms; and
M is Cu or Co.
19. A method of olefin aziridination depicted in Scheme C:
wherein,
R represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;
R′ represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;
R 1 -R 9 represents independently for each occurrence H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, halogen, CN, or CF 3 ;
X 1 -X 4 represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, halogen or perhaloalkyl;
L is a Lewis base selected from the group consisting of an aromatic compound, a μ-nitrene, and two μ-oxygen atoms; and
M is Cu or Co.
20. A method of C—H bond amidation depicted in Scheme D:
wherein,
R represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;
R′ represents alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, aryl or heteroaryl;
R 1 -R 9 represents independently for each occurrence H, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, halogen, CN, or CF 3 ;
X 1 -X 4 represents independently for each occurrence hydrogen, halogen or perhaloalkyl;
L is a Lewis base selected from the group consisting of an aromatic compound, a μ-nitrene, of and two μ-oxygen atoms; and
M is Cu or Co.
21. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of
22. The compound of claim 1 , wherein L is a μ-nitrene.
23. The compound of claim 22 , wherein M is Cu.
24. The compound of claim 12 , wherein M is Cu.
25. The compound of claim 13 , wherein M is Cu.
26. The compound of claim 14 , wherein M is Cu.