Poultry de-feathering apparatus and methods
Apparatus for de-feathering (i.e. picking or plucking) poultry. More particularly, picking apparatus employing a plurality of elongated picking elements which are resistant to cracking and/or micro-poring, and which are preferably flexible and/or bendable and which are of sufficiently low mass such as to decrease poundage yield loss (e.g., decrease fat loss and poultry wing damage). In some embodiments, apparatus comprised of a plug and elongated picking element combination which is removably installable to a conventional picking disk structure. In other embodiments, picking element kits for converting existing picking line machinery. In still other embodiments, methods and/or apparatus for improving feather picking ability and/or efficiency and/or cleanliness.
1. An elongated picking element module comprising:
a plug having a first end and a circumferentially extending side wall extending therefrom to a second open end for receiving a plurality of elongated picking elements, a detent is formed in and extends circumferentially around an outer surface of the side wall and is located between the first end and the second end, an inner surface of the circumferentially extending side wall defines a substantially hollow cavity that extends at least substantially beneath the detent, a plug base portion is defined by an area of the side wall between the detent and the first end, and a plug shoulder section defined by an area of the side wall between the detent and the second end; and
a plurality of elongated picking elements disposed and secured within said plug shoulder portion.
2. An elongated picking element module according to claim 1 , wherein the side wall area defining the plug base portion is substantially frustoconical.
3. An elongated picking element module according to claim 2 , the plug base portion is substantially cylindrical.
4. An elongated picking element module according to claim 3 , wherein the plug base portion has a first outer diameter and the plug shoulder portion has a second outer diameter; and wherein the second outer diameter is greater than the first outer diameter.
5. An elongated picking element module according to claim 4 , wherein the detent is substantially u-shaped and comprises a pair of opposite facing walls which are oriented substantially parallel to each other and which are spaced apart and connected to each other by a third wall, the two opposite facing walls and the third wall, in combination, defining a recess for receiving a wall portion of an aperture of a picking disk.
6. An elongated picking element module according to claim 5 , wherein the two opposite facing walls are unequal in height.
7. A picking element module and picking disk assembly, comprising an elongated picking element module according to claim 6 functionally installed in a picking disk, the picking disk comprising a disk body defined by front and rear walls, the disk having a plurality of apertures which are surrounded by the front and rear walls, wherein the elongated picking element module is connected to one of the plurality of apertures of the disk body via mechanical, removable interconnection of the plug to the aperture.
8. A picking element module and picking disk assembly according to claim 7 , wherein the front and the rear walls which define the disk body and surround the apertures contained therein are in abutting contact with said two opposite facing walls of the detent.
9. A picking element module and picking disk assembly according to claim 7 , wherein an edge portion of the aperture is in abutting contact with the third wall of the detent.
10. An elongated picking element module according to claim 5 , wherein a thickness of the circumferentially extending wall proximal to and surrounding the detent and which defines the third wall of the detent, combined with the location of the hollow cavity, provides flexibility to the circumferentially extending wall to permit the plug base portion to be inserted into an aperture of a picking disk which has a diameter which is the same or less than said first outer diameter of said plug base portion.
11. An elongated picking element module according to claim 10 , wherein, when the plug base portion is inserted into the aperture of a picking disk, the circumferentially extending wall exhibits a spring-like effect to thereby bias against the aperture when installed therein to substantially eliminate rotation of the elongated element picking module within the aperture when installed on a picking disk during picking line operation.
12. An elongated picking module according to claim 1 , further comprising a divider disposed within the hollow cavity which divides the hollow cavity into first and second cavity regions; and wherein the first cavity region extends generally under the detent and is generally empty, and the second cavity region extends to the open second end and contains butt ends of the plurality of elongated picking elements disposed and secured therein.
13. An elongated picking module according to claim 12 , wherein the plurality of elongated picking elements are attached to the divider; and wherein the plurality of elongated picking elements are secured within the second cavity region and connected to the divider by an adhesive capable of bonding the butt ends of the plurality of elongated picking elements generally to one another, to the divider, and to an inner surface of the plug side wall generally defining the second cavity region.
14. An elongated picking module according to claim 1 , wherein end portions of a majority of the plurality of elongated picking elements, extending from the second open end of the plug, are oriented at flare angles selected from a range consisting of between 5 and 30 degrees.
15. An elongated picking element module according to claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of elongated picking elements is approximately 2.5 to 7.0 inches in length.
16. An elongated picking element module according to claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of elongated picking elements is selected from the group consisting of filaments, fibers, bristles, and substantially rigid threads.
17. An elongated picking element module according to claim 1 , wherein the elongated picking elements and the plug is made from NYLON.
18. An elongated picking element module according to claim 17 , wherein the elongated picking elements has a diameter of approximately 10 to 240 mils.