Systems and methods for fluid cooling of electric machines
The invention provides systems and methods for cooling and lubrication of high power density electric machines with an enhanced fluid injection system. Multiple fluid flow passages may be provided within the electric machine, which may include a stator fluid flow pathway between the stator and the machine housing. The stator fluid flow pathway may comprise one or more passages which may allow a fluid to directly contact the stator and the rotor. A method for cooling the electric machine may include directing a fluid to flow through one or more passages between the stator and the housing, which may provide the opportunity to transfer heat from the stator and the rotor to the fluid, thereby cooling the stator and the rotor.
1. An electric machine comprising:
a rotor fixed to a rotatable shaft and supported by means of one or more bearings;
a stator stationary in relation to the rotatable rotor and shaft with a gap between the rotor and the stator;
a housing surrounding all or part of the machine; and
one or more stator fluid flow pathways between the stator and the housing, wherein the stator fluid flow pathway comprises one or more fluid flow passages which allow a fluid to directly contact an outside surface of the stator along the length of the stator fluid flow pathway from a fluid inlet of the machine to a fluid outlet of the machine.
2. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the stator fluid flow pathway comprises one or more circumferential grooves on the internal surface of the housing around the perimeter of the internal surface of the housing, wherein the one or more grooves form one or more cavities between an outside surface of the stator and an inside surface of the housing.
3. The electric machine of claim 2 wherein a fluid is directed to flow circumferentially around the perimeter of the stator through the one or more cavities between the outside surface of the stator and the inside surface of the housing.
4. The electric machine of claim 3 wherein the fluid directly contacts the outside surface of the stator.
5. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the stator fluid flow pathway comprises one or more grooves or other surface features on the internal surface of the housing or the outside surface of the stator, wherein the one or more grooves or other surface features form one or more passages along the length of the stator between an outside surface of the stator and an inside surface of the housing.
6. The electric machine of claim 5 wherein a fluid is directed to flow along the length of the stator through the one or more passages between the outside surface of the stator and the inside surface of the housing.
7. The electric machine of claim 6 wherein the fluid directly contacts the outside surface of the stator.
8. The electric machine of claim 6 wherein the one or more passages allow the fluid to exit the passage at the edge of the stator.
9. The electric machine of claim 8 wherein the fluid that exits the one or more passages at the edge of the stator directly contacts an outside surface of the rotor.
10. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the outside surface of the stator includes one or more features which direct fluid flow around or along the stator surface or which increase the surface area of the one or more fluid flow passages.
11. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein the inside surface of the housing includes one or more features which direct fluid flow around or along the stator surface or which increase the surface area of the one or more fluid flow passages.
12. The electric machine of claim 1 wherein all or part of the housing is fluid-sealed, such that fluid is prevented from entering or exiting the machine except at designated inlet and outlet ports.
13. A method for cooling an electric machine comprising:
providing a rotor fixed to a rotatable shaft;
providing a stator stationary in relation to the rotatable rotor and shaft with a gap between the rotor and the stator;
providing a housing surrounding all or part of the machine;
providing one or more stator fluid flow pathways between the stator and the housing, wherein the stator fluid flow pathway comprises one or more fluid flow passages which allow a fluid to directly contact an outside surface of the stator along the length of the stator fluid flow pathway from a fluid inlet of the machine to a fluid outlet of the machine; and
flowing a fluid in the one or more passages between the stator and the housing, such that the fluid directly contacts the stator and allows heat to transfer from the stator to the fluid, thereby cooling the stator.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein the stator fluid flow pathway comprises providing one or more circumferential grooves on the internal surface of the housing around the perimeter of the internal surface of the housing, wherein the one or more grooves form one or more cavities between an outside surface of the stator and an inside surface of the housing.
15. The method of claim 14 further comprising flowing a fluid circumferentially around the perimeter of the stator through the one or more cavities between the outside surface of the stator and the inside surface of the housing.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein a stator fluid flow pathway comprises providing one or more grooves or other surface features on the internal surface of the housing or outside surface of the stator, wherein the one or more grooves or other surface features form one or more passages along the length of the stator between an outside surface of the stator and an inside surface of the housing.
17. The method of claim 16 further comprising flowing a fluid along the length of the stator through the one or more passages between the outside surface of the stator and the inside surface of the housing.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein the one or more passages allow the fluid to exit the passage at the edge of the stator.
19. The method of claim 18 wherein the fluid that exits the one or more passages at the edge of the stator directly contacts an outside surface of the rotor.
20. The method of claim 13 further comprising providing one or more features on the outside surface of the stator, wherein the one or more features direct fluid flow around or along the stator surface or increase the surface area of the one or more fluid flow passages.
21. The method of claim 13 further comprising providing one or more features on the inside surface of the housing, wherein the one or more features direct fluid flow around or along the stator surface or increase the surface area of the one or more fluid flow passages.
22. The method of claim 13 wherein all or part of the housing is fluid-sealed, such that fluid is prevented from entering or exiting the machine except at designated inlet and outlet ports.