Method of mitigating fuel cell degradation due to startup and shutdown via hydrogen/nitrogen storage
A method of operating the fuel cell stack having an anode side and a cathode side by flowing hydrogen into the anode side and flowing air into the cathode side. The fuel cell produces electricity that is used to operate a primary electrical device. To shut down the stack in one embodiment, the primary electrical device is disconnected from the stack. The flow of air into the cathode side is stopped and positive hydrogen pressure is maintained on the anode side. The fuel cell stack is shorted and oxygen in the cathode side is allowed to be consumed by hydrogen. The inlet and outlet valves of the anode and the cathode sides are closed. Thereafter, the flow of hydrogen into the anode side is stopped and the flow of exhaust from the cathode side is stopped.
1. A method comprising:
operating a fuel cell stack having an anode side and a cathode side, the operating comprising flowing hydrogen into the anode side and flowing air comprising oxygen and nitrogen into the cathode side, producing electricity, and operating a primary electrical device connected to the stack using the electricity;
shutting down the stack comprising:
disconnecting the stack from the primary electrical device;
stopping the flow of air comprising oxygen and nitrogen into the cathode side and maintaining a positive hydrogen pressure on the anode side;
shorting the fuel cell stack and allowing oxygen in the cathode side to be consumed by hydrogen; wherein allowing oxygen in the cathode side to be consumed by hydrogen comprises injecting hydrogen gas into the cathode side;
thereafter, stopping the flow of hydrogen into and out of the anode side and stopping the flow of exhaust from the cathode side.
2. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein after stopping the flow of hydrogen into and out of the anode side and stopping the flow of exhaust from the cathode side, both the cathode side and the anode side have a gas therein consisting essentially of hydrogen and nitrogen.
3. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the positive hydrogen pressure in the anode is at least sufficient to compensate for the loss of pressure due to the stack temperature decreasing from operating temperature to room temperature and the loss of pressure due to water vapor condensation.
4. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the shorting the fuel cell stack comprises closing an electrical circuit including the fuel cell stack and a resistor.
5. A method comprising:
operating a fuel cell stack having an anode side and a cathode side by flowing hydrogen into the anode side and flowing air comprising oxygen and nitrogen into the cathode side, producing electricity with a fuel cell stack and operating a primary electrical device connected to the fuel cell stack using the electricity;
shutting down the fuel cell stack comprising disconnecting the fuel cell stack from the primary electrical device;
stopping the flow of air comprising oxygen and nitrogen into the cathode side and stopping the exhaust from the cathode side;
stopping the exhaust from the anode side while maintaining a positive hydrogen pressure on the anode side;
shorting the fuel cell stack; and
injecting hydrogen gas into the cathode side to consume the oxygen and to compensate the loss of the pressure due to the consumption of oxygen in the cathode side while the cathode side exhaust line remain closed.
6. A method as set forth in claim 5 wherein the shorting the fuel cell stack comprises closing an electrical circuit including the fuel cell stack and a resistor.
7. A method as set forth in claim 5 wherein the allowing oxygen in the cathode side to be consumed by hydrogen comprises allowing hydrogen to cross over from the anode side to the cathode side to consume the oxygen.
8. A method as set forth in claim 5 wherein after stopping the flow of hydrogen into the anode side and stopping the flow of exhaust from the cathode side, both the cathode side and the anode side have a gas therein consisting essentially of hydrogen and nitrogen.