Process for the preparation of crystalline lithium-, vanadium-and phosphate-comprising materials
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of compounds of general formula (I) Li a-b M 1 b V 2-c M 2 c (PO 4 ) x (I) with M 1 : Na, K, Rb and/or Cs, M 2 : Ti, Zr, Nb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Al, Mg and/or Sc, a: 1.5-4.5, b: 0-0.6, c: 0-1.98 and x: number to equalize the charge of Li and V and M 1 and/or M 2 , if present, wherein a−b is >0, by providing an essentially aqueous mixture comprising at least one lithium-comprising compound, at least one vanadium-comprising compound in which vanadium has the oxidation state +5 and/or +4, and at least one M 1 -comprising compound, if present, and/or at least one M 2 -comprising compound, if present, and at least one reducing agent which is oxidized to at least one compound comprising at least one phosphorous atom in oxidation state +5, drying and calcining.
1. A process for producing a compound according to general formula (I)
(I) Li a-b M 1 b V 2-c M 2 c (PO 4 ) x (I)
wherein M 1 , M 2 , a, b, c and x have the following meanings:
M 1 : Na, K, Rb and/or Cs,
M 2 : Ti, Zr, Nb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Al, Mg and/or Sc,
a: 1.5-4.5,
b: 0-0.6,
c: 0-1.98 and
x: number to equalize the charge of Li and V, and M 1 and/or M 2 , if present, wherein a-b is >0, wherein the process comprises:
(A) providing an essentially aqueous mixture comprising at least one lithium-containing compound, at least one vanadium-containing compound in which vanadium has the oxidation state +5 and/or +4, and at least one M 1 -containing compound, if present, and/or at least one M 2 -containing compound, if present, and at least one reducing agent which is oxidized to at least one compound comprising at least one phosphorous atom in oxidation state +5,
(B) drying the mixture provided in (A), in order to obtain a solid compound and
(C) calcining the solid compound obtained from (B) at a temperature of 300 to 950° C.;
wherein the compound is in a form consisting essentially of spherical particles or agglomerates having a diameter of from 3 to 200 μm.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the essentially aqueous solution which is provided in (A) additionally comprises at least one compound comprising at least one phosphorous atom in oxidation state +5.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one compound comprising at least one phosphorous atom in oxidation state +5 which is added in (A) is selected from the group consisting of H 3 PO 4 , (NH 4 )H 2 PO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 and mixtures thereof.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one reducing agent which is oxidized to at least one compound comprising at least one phosphorous atom in oxidation state +5 is selected from the group consisting of H 3 PO 3 , (NH 4 )H 2 PO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 3 , (NH 4 ) 3 PO 3 , H 3 PO 2 , (NH 4 )H 2 PO 2 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 2 , (NH 4 ) 3 PO 2 and mixtures thereof.
5. A process for the preparation of a mixture comprising at least one compound according to general formula (I)
(I) Li a-b M 1 b V 2-c M 2 c (PO 4 ) x (I)
wherein M 1 , M 2 , a, b, c and x have the following meanings:
M 1 : Na, K, Rb and/or Cs,
M 2 : Ti, Zr, Nb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Al, Mg and/or Sc,
a: 1.5-4.5,
b: 0-0.6,
c: 0-1.98 and
x: number to equalize the charge of Li and V, and M 1 and/or M 2 , if present, wherein a-b is >0, wherein the compound is in a form consisting essentially of spherical particles or agglomerates having a diameter of from 3 to 200 μm;
and at least one electrically conducting material; wherein the process comprises:
(A) providing an essentially aqueous mixture comprising at least one lithium-containing compound, at least one vanadium-containing compound in which vanadium has the oxidation state +5 and/or +4, and at least one M 1 -containing compound, if present, and/or at least one M 2 -containing compound, if present, and at least one reducing agent which is oxidized to at least one compound comprising at least one phosphorous atom in oxidation state +5,
(B) drying the mixture provided in (A), in order to obtain a solid compound and
(C) calcining the solid compound obtained from (B) at a temperature of 300 to 950° C.
6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the essentially aqueous solution which is provided in (D) additionally comprises at least one compound comprising at least one phosphorous atom in oxidation state +5.
7. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the at least one reducing agent which is oxidized to at least one compound comprising at least one phosphorous atom in oxidation state +5 is selected from the group consisting of H 3 PO 3 , (NH 4 )H 2 PO 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 3 , (NH 4 ) 3 PO 3 , H 3 PO 2 , (NH 4 )H 2 PO 2 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 2 , (NH 4 ) 3 PO 2 and mixtures thereof.
8. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the electrically conducting material is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite, carbon fibres, carbon nanofibres, carbon nanotubes, electrically conducting polymers and mixtures thereof.