Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal structures with substituent functional group to alignment within liquid crystal material body into polydomain state
A polymer-dispersed liquid crystal system has a continuous polymer structure having defined therein a plurality of discrete bodies of liquid crystal material. The bodies of liquid crystal material exhibit a polydomain operating state in which the liquid crystal material within each body is arranged in multiple domains, each domain being defined by a quantity of liquid crystal material whose molecules have a substantially common identifiable alignment in at least one axis, wherein the resolved alignments of neighboring domains diverge substantially from one another and are stable over time.
1. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system, comprising:
a continuous polymer structure having defined therein a plurality of discrete bodies of liquid crystal material, said bodies of liquid crystal material exhibiting a polydomain state in which the liquid crystal material within each body is arranged in multiple domains, the bodies of liquid crystal having a bulk volume which is free of polymer networks or walls, each domain being defined by a quantity of liquid crystal material whose molecules exhibit a helical structure having a substantially common identifiable alignment in one axis,
wherein the resolved alignments of neighbouring domains diverge substantially from one another and are stable over time,
wherein at an interface between a liquid crystal body and the surrounding polymer structure, where the local surface of said polymer structure at said interface defines a local plane, the molecular structure at said local surface of the polymer structure influences the liquid crystal molecules to take on an alignment which diverges from said local plane of said local polymer surface,
wherein said molecular structure at said polymer surface comprises substituent functional groups extending from the polymer backbone into the liquid crystal material, and
wherein said substituent functional groups cause said mutually divergent alignment within the liquid crystal material.
2. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said bodies of liquid crystal material can also be influenced to exhibit a field ON state in which the majority of the liquid crystal molecules within each discrete body of liquid crystal material takes on a substantially common identifiable alignment in one axis.
3. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said bodies also exhibit a range of intermediate states between said polydomain and field ON states, resulting in said polymer-dispersed liquid crystal system having optical properties intermediate between those exhibited in the polydomain and field ON states.
4. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a majority of said discrete bodies of liquid crystal material have a volume falling within a range bounded by an upper and a lower limit, said lower limit being the minimum volume capable of possessing multiple domains having substantially divergent alignment in the polydomain state, and said upper limit being the maximum volume at which a substantially divergent alignment of domains can still be retained and stabilized within said body in the polydomain state.
5. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the majority of said liquid crystal molecules adjacent the polymer surface lie at angles to the local normal to the polymer surface of from 10 to 80 degrees, and more preferably of from 20 to 70 degrees, and most preferably of from 25 to 65 degrees.
6. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the majority of neighbouring liquid crystal molecules at the polymer surface do not have substantially the same alignment and wherein they substantially diverge from one another.
7. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein as a consequence of the alignment of liquid crystal molecules at the polymer surface, the domains that contain liquid crystal molecules that are adjacent the polymer surface have alignments which also diverge from one another, in substantially different directions.
8. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the majority of said liquid crystal molecules adjacent the polymer surface lie at angles to the local normal to the polymer surface of from 20 to 70 degrees.
9. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the majority of said liquid crystal molecules adjacent the polymer surface lie at angles to the local normal to the polymer surface of from 25 to 65 degrees.
10. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said substituent functional groups extending from the polymer backbone into the liquid crystal material are substantially formed from one or more monofunctional monomers, and preferably from 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate.
11. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the total polymer/liquid crystal interface area corresponding to a centimeter square of viewing surface, and expressed in units of centimeters square, where X is a film's cell gap and Y is a film's fraction of liquid crystal by weight, is in the range of 1,714XY to 24,000XY; more preferably in the range of 2,400XY to 20,000XY; and most preferably in the range of 3,429XY to 20,000XY.
12. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystal is >0.8 micron, more preferably >0.9 micron, and most preferably >1 micron.
13. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein at least 75% of the bodies of liquid crystal have a largest dimension in the range of 2.5 to 35 microns.
14. A liquid crystal device comprising a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal structure as claimed in any of claims 1 - 7 , 11 , 12 and 13 in the form of a film, a pair of substrates sandwiching said film and bonded to said film, each substrate having a conductive electrode coating on the side facing said polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film to facilitate applying an electric field across said film.
15. A liquid crystal device as claimed in claim 14 , provided in a thickness which is operable in a uniform state that is transparent and substantially haze-free to the human eye for a range of viewing angles up to 30 degrees from the normal, and in a polydomain state that blocks visual access through said film.
16. A glazed structure comprising a pair of transparent load-bearing sheets sandwiching a liquid crystal device as claimed in claim 14 .
17. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system, comprising:
a continuous polymer structure having defined therein a plurality of discrete bodies of liquid crystal material, said bodies of liquid crystal material exhibiting a polydomain state in which the liquid crystal material within each body is arranged in multiple domains, the bodies of liquid crystal having a bulk volume which is free of polymer networks or walls, each domain being defined by a quantity of liquid crystal material whose molecules exhibit a helical structure having a substantially common identifiable alignment in one axis,
wherein the resolved alignments of neighbouring domains diverge substantially from one another and are stable over time, and wherein at an interface between a liquid crystal body and the surrounding polymer structure, where the local surface of said polymer structure at said interface defines a local plane, the molecular structure at said local surface of the polymer structure influences the liquid crystal molecules to take on an alignment which diverges from said local plane of said local polymer surface,
wherein the total polymer/liquid crystal interface area corresponding to a centimeter square of viewing surface, and expressed in units of centimeters square, where X is a film's cell gap and Y is a film's fraction of liquid crystal by weight, is in the range of 1,714XY to 24,000XY; more preferably in the range of 2,400XY to 20,000XY; and most preferably in the range of 3,429XY to 20,000XY,
wherein said molecular structure at said polymer surface comprises substituent functional groups extending from the polymer backbone into the liquid crystal material, and
wherein said substituent functional groups cause said mutually divergent alignment within the liquid crystal material.
18. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 17 , wherein a majority of said discrete bodies of liquid crystal material have a volume falling within a range bounded by an upper and a lower limit, said lower limit being the minimum volume capable of possessing multiple domains having substantially divergent alignment in the polydomain state, and said upper limit being the maximum volume at which a substantially divergent alignment of domains can still be retained and stabilized within said body in the polydomain state.
19. A polymer-dispersed, cholesteric, liquid crystal system as claimed in claim 17 , wherein at least 75% of the bodies of liquid crystal have a largest dimension in the range of 2.5 to 35 microns.